Abstract
Palygorskite (Pal), a clay nanoparticle, has been demonstrated to be a vehicle for drug delivery. Copper has antibacterial properties, and zinc is an essential micronutrient for intestinal health in animals and humans. However, whether copper/zinc-modified Pal (Cu/Zn-Pal) can protect chickens from Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection remains unclear. In this study, three complexes (Cu/Zn-Pal-1, Cu/Zn-Pal-2, and Cu/Zn-Pal-3) were prepared, and Cu/Zn-Pal-1 was shown to be the most effective at inhibiting the growth of S. Typhimurium in vitro, whereas natural Pal alone had no inhibitory effect. In vivo, Cu/Zn-Pal-1 reduced S. Typhimurium colonization in the intestine of infected chickens and relieved S. Typhimurium-induced organ and intestinal mucosal barrier damage. Moreover, this reduction in Salmonella load attenuated intestinal inflammation and the oxidative stress response in challenged chickens. Additionally, Cu/Zn-Pal-1 modulated the intestinal microbiota in infected chickens, which was characterized by the reduced abundance of Firmicutes and the increased abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Our results indicated that the Cu/Zn-Pal-1 complex may be an effective feed supplement for reducing S. Typhimurium colonization of the gut.
Highlights
Salmonella, a common zoonotic enteric pathogen, poses a serious threat to global public health (Xu et al, 2018; Zhao X. et al, 2020)
In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of copper/zinc-modified Pal (Cu/Zn-Pal) pretreatment on chickens infected with S
The supplementation of quaternary ammonium derivative N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3trimethyl ammonium chito-oligosaccharide chloride modified Pal ameliorated adverse effects in chickens challenged with a low level of Fusarium mycotoxin contamination (Cheng Y. et al, 2018)
Summary
Salmonella, a common zoonotic enteric pathogen, poses a serious threat to global public health (Xu et al, 2018; Zhao X. et al, 2020). Salmonella is transmitted to humans through the food chain via contaminated poultry meat, eggs, and water, which is the primary cause of salmonellosis outbreaks (Guerrero et al, 2020; Xu Y. et al, 2020). Salmonella infection in chickens causes intestinal microbiota dysfunction, inflammatory diarrhea, compromised production performance, Protective Function of Copper/Zinc-Modified Palygorskite and even death, leading to huge economic losses to the poultry industry (Wang et al, 2019). Antimicrobial therapy was widely administered through feed to aid in the elimination of severe Salmonella infection (Hur et al, 2012). Antibiotics are prohibited in feed due to the increase in resistance among Salmonella strains and antibiotic residues in poultry products (Hur et al, 2012; Peng et al, 2018; Wang et al, 2019). It is necessary to explore new effective medications to protect against Salmonella infection in broilers
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