Abstract
Complexes with mixed ligands [Cu(N-N)2(pmtp)](ClO4)2 ((1) N-N: 2,2′-bipyridine; (2) L: 1,10-phenanthroline and pmpt: 5-phenyl-7-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine) were synthesized and structurally and biologically characterized. Compound (1) crystallizes into space group Pa and (2) in P-1. Both complexes display an intermediate stereochemistry between the two five-coordinated ones. The biological tests indicated that the two compounds exhibited superoxide scavenging capacity, intercalative DNA properties, and metallonuclease activity. Tests on various cell systems indicated that the two complexes neither interfere with the proliferation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae or BJ healthy skin cells, nor cause hemolysis in the active concentration range. Nevertheless, the compounds showed antibacterial potential, with complex (2) being significantly more active than complex (1) against all tested bacterial strains, both in planktonic and biofilm growth state. Both complexes exhibited a very good activity against B16 melanoma cells, with a higher specificity being displayed by compound (1). Taken together, the results indicate that complexes (1) and (2) have specific biological relevance, with potential for the development of antitumor or antimicrobial drugs.
Highlights
The copper species are unique both from the point of view of coordinative chemistry and from their biological relevance
The [Cu(N-N)2 ]2+ intermediates were prepared and the pmtp was added in suitable proportions
[Cu(N-N)2 pmtp](ClO4 )2, the packing pattern in solid phase is different as a result of π-π stacking interactions realized between both pmtp and 1,10-phenanthroline ligands
Summary
The copper species are unique both from the point of view of coordinative chemistry and from their biological relevance. Some features, such as stereochemical and oxidation state versatility or acid borderline character, strongly recommend the use of copper as central ion in complexes with a large variety of ligands, structures and properties. Copper complexes have been the focus of intense studies aiming to design and develop valuable species with antitumor, anti-inflammatory or antimicrobial activities. Most of these complexes contain mixed ligands, e.g., N-N-chelating heterocycle such 2,20 -bipyridine (bpy) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), both chosen for their chelating ability and intercalative properties. Complexes with ancillary ligands (an N-N-chelating heterocycle and a bioactive scaffold containing species [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]), antibiotics [8,9,10,11,12,13,14], or anti-inflammatory drugs [15,16,17,18] have been shown to have potent anticancer effect, in some cases even better than the anti-tumor activity of cisplatin [2,3,4]
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