Abstract
Laser-induced cavitation impact forming is a high-speed forming process that employs a high-energy laser to produce cavitation in a liquid and act on the workpiece. When the laser is irradiated vertically to the workpiece surface through the guide hole, oxidation occurs on the produced workpiece's surface, affecting the surface quality. Laser-induced cavitation oblique impact workpiece formation is proposed in this paper. The surface quality of the workpiece created at various angles is investigated by adjusting the angle between the laser and the guide hole. A finite element model (FEM) was employed to simulate the temperature change and collapse speed of laser-induced cavitation, and a hydrophone was utilized to measure the impact pressure of laser-induced cavitation under various guide holes. The variations in forming depth and surface quality of the workpiece caused by laser-induced cavitation oblique impact were investigated experimentally. The experimental results show that as the angle between the laser and the guide hole increases from 0° to 90°, the width of the oxidized area on the surface of the formed micro-groove decreases from 513 μm to 0 μm, the forming depth of the micro-groove decreases from 80 μm to 20 μm, and the surface roughness of formed parts decreases from 2.93 μm to 0.56 μm. The oxidation of the formed workpiece surface during the oblique laser impact is primarily caused by the laser irradiation, according to the analysis of the surface oxidation mechanism of the formed micro-grooves. When the angle between the laser and the guide hole is 60°, all of the heat emitted by the laser is focused to the guide hole's inner surface. The angle between the laser and the pilot hole was set to 60° in the experiment, and the micro-groove structure was generated by three impacts, with the thickness distribution of the formed groove investigated. The results demonstrate that the largest thinning of the micro-groove cross-section occurs at the mold's entry and the bottom of the micro-groove, with thinning rates of 20 % and 15 %, respectively.
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