Abstract
Copper was the most important metal used by Hopewell societies in the Scioto Valley of southern Ohio, USA ca. 1–400 CE. Here we interpret our mass spectrometry analysis on the largest known sample of classified Hopewell copper artifacts within the general theoretical frame of the new animism. We argue that the actors participating in the social networks that brought copper to Ohio Hopewell societies understood and creatively maintained multiple kinds of links to this material, and we especially highlight the association of large copper objects with the Isle Royale and Michipicoten sources in the Lake Superior basin. We further suggest that southern Appalachian copper and Great Lakes copper were part of different kinds of extra-regional social networks with implications for interpreting the range of potential Hopewell relations in the Midwestern USA.
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