Coping With Perceived Burden: Ethnic and Cultural Issues in Alzheimer's Family Caregiving

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate differential patterns of coping with the strain of providing care for an Alzheimer's patient among families of varying ethnic and cultural backgrounds. The sample of 85 women identified themselves as primary family caregivers for relatives with Alzheimer's disease. Subjects were classified by race (Black/White) and residence (rural/urban). The study examined differences in the use of various cognitive and behavioral coping strategies and differences in social support patterns. Analysis of data collected through structured interviews showed complex but significant differences in caregivers' coping patterns by race and area of residence. White caregivers attended support groups more frequently than did Blacks. Blacks reported more frequent use of cognitive strategies reframing the situation in positive terms and expressing determination to survive. Rural Blacks sought information about the disease or about services less frequently than did White or urban caregivers. Black caregivers had available, and used extensively, a broad range of informal supports. Of note was the important support of a deity perceived in a very personal way. Based on results of this study, it is suggested that ethnic and cultural differences in coping be considered in devising effective interventions for Alzheimer's family caregivers.