Abstract
In this paper, we examined different practical methods for realizing the MHD method for converting chemical energy of a condensed explosive into pulsed electrical energy. It was shown that explosive MHD generators, which are compact sources of powerful pulses of electrical energy, are characterized by their relative simplicity, autonomy, and maneuverability of firing and they are capable of operating in the frequency-periodic mode. The moderate, compared to MC generator, weight-size characteristics of the generator (∼1 J/g, ∼1 J/cm3) are the necessary tradeoff for the new operational quality, namely, the nondestructibility of the setup. At the present time, a considerable amount of experimental information has been accumulated on the study of processes that determine the efficiency of the generator. Based on this information, a number of projects have been proposed for explosive MHD generators in the megajoule range. Practical experience has been gained in creating frequency-periodic action generators as well as autonomous setups using superconducting magnetic systems. The increase in the operational efficiency of an explosive MHD generator is primarily related to increasing the magnetic Reynolds number of the flow, which can be attained, in particular, by using different schemes for accumulating the energy of the explosion. The use of a metallic liner, which expands under the pressure of the detonation products, in an explosive MHD generator is, in the practical sense, apparently hopeless. The general information available in the literature on the parameters and properties of explosive MHD generators give a basis for concluding that this generator is a promising source of powerful energy pulses. In a certain range of parameters, it can be an alternative to the use of storage batteries, inductive accumulator, and an explosive magnetic generator, and according to a number of indicators (nondestructibility, autonomy, frequency-periodic operational mode) has advantages over them.
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