Abstract
The long-range propagation of explosive signals and of 14- and 111-Hz CW signals were studied experimentally. The tow ran from a point near Antigua to the Grand Banks, a distance of about 2800 km. The detonations were shallow and nearly equispaced. The CW sources were towed at shallow depths and operated without significant interruptions. The signals were received on a sound channel hydrophone near Antigua. Graphic records of the explosive signatures were aligned to produce a three-dimensional plot of the rectified acoustic pressure as a function of range and time. This arrangement of successive recordings shows the arrival patterns in an easily identifiable form, The pattern produced by the highest peak pressure, the RSR arrivals, repeats at convergence zone intervals and persists over the entire range. Analysis of the 14-Hz signal envelope shows well-defined convergence zones out to 2800 km, while the 111-Hz signal envelope shows them to only 2000 km. The locations of convergence zones are different for the two frequencies.
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