Controlling the relaxation of propagating spin waves in yttrium iron garnet/Pt bilayers with thermal gradients

Abstract

The spin currents generated by thermal gradients through the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) are usually detected by the voltage generated in a normal metal by means of the inverse spin Hall effect. Here, we present a detailed account of an experimental investigation of the action of spin currents due to SSE on the relaxation rate of spin waves. Propagating spin-wave packets with a frequency in the range of 1--2 GHz are launched in film strips of single-crystal yttrium iron garnet, Y${}_{3}$Fe${}_{5}$O${}_{12}$ (YIG) while a thermal gradient is applied across the thickness in the so-called longitudinal SSE configuration. No change in damping is observed in bare YIG films. However, if the YIG film is covered with an ultrathin platinum layer, we observe a striking change in the amplitude of the detected spin-wave pulses. Depending on the sign of the gradient, the spin-wave relaxation rate can be increased or decreased, leading in the latter case to an apparent amplification. The change in the relaxation rate is attributed to the action of a spin current generated in the YIG film by the SSE while the role of the Pt layer is to supply or absorb the flow of spins.