Abstract
Two dimensional photon gases trapped in dye-filled microcavities can undergo thermalization and nearly ideal equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensation. However, they are inherently driven-dissipative systems that can exhibit an intricate interplay between the thermalizing influence of the environment given by the dye solution and the pump and loss processes driving the system out of equilibrium. We show that this interplay gives rise to a robust mechanism for two-mode emission, when the system is driven by an off-centered pump beam. Namely, after the system starts lasing in the dominantly pumped excited mode, in a second transition a photon condensate is formed in the ground mode, when the pump power is increased further. This effect is a consequence of the redistribution of excited dye molecules via the lasing mode in combination with thermalization. We propose to exploit this effect for engineering controlled two-mode emission and demonstrate that by tailoring the transverse potential landscape for the photons, the threshold pump power can be tuned by orders of magnitude.
Highlights
A system of photons in a dye-filled cavity can be used as a platform for studying the interplay between gain and loss on the one hand and thermalization on the other
Two-dimensional photon gases trapped in dye-filled microcavities can undergo thermalization and nearly ideal equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensation. They are inherently driven-dissipative systems that can exhibit an intricate interplay between the thermalizing influence of the environment given by the dye solution and the pump and loss processes driving the system out of equilibrium. We show that this interplay gives rise to a robust mechanism for two-mode emission, when the system is driven by an off-centered pump beam
We propose to exploit this effect for engineering-controlled two-mode emission and demonstrate that by tailoring the transverse potential landscape for the photons, the threshold pump power can be tuned by orders of magnitude
Summary
A system of photons in a dye-filled cavity can be used as a platform for studying the interplay between gain and loss on the one hand and thermalization (via the rovibrational relaxation of the dye molecules interacting with the environment given by the solvent) on the other. Controlled two-mode emission from the interplay of driving and thermalization in a dye-filled photonic cavity After the system starts lasing in the dominantly pumped excited mode, in a second transition a photon condensate is formed in the ground mode, when the pump power is increased further.
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