Abstract
Polyamide membranes with a controlled surface morphology were prepared by the interfacial polymerization of 1,3-phenylenediamine (MPD) with 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride (TMC) on polysulfone ultrafiltration supports. In a novel polymerization method, co-solvents, which included acetone, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, toluene, isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and N,N′-dimethyl formamide (DMF), were added into the organic phase which made it possible to control the surface morphology and polyamide network structures. As-prepared, the membranes showed multi-layered ridge-and-valley structures, and the types of co-solvent successfully controlled permeate flux and rejection. Polyamide membranes prepared by the addition of 2wt% ethyl acetate, showed the best performance with NaCl rejection of 99% and permeate flux of more than 1m3/(m2d) at 1.5MPa, which was about twice that of a membrane prepared without a co-solvent.
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