Controlled clinical trial with the combination therapy with metformin, thiazolidinediones, glucagon-like peptide 1 analog in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome

Carotid Atherosclerosis Is Not Related to Hepatic Steatosis or Fibrosis in EDICT

Objective To evaluate the effect of ganoderma lucidium spore (GLS) to the immunological function of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after operation. Methods A total of 70 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy in the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First People's Hospital of Foshan from November 2008 and December 2010, were studied prospectively. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the ethical committee approval was received. The patients were randomly divided into the conventional liver protection therapy group (conventional therapy group) and GLS therapy group using computer random number table method. There were 35 cases in the conventional therapy group, of which 30 were males and 5 were females with the mean age of (51±10) years old. There were 35 cases in the GLS therapy group, of which 28 were males, 7 were females with the mean age of (50±9) years old. Another 35 healthy person who received physical examination were enrolled as the control group. Patients in the conventional therapy group began to take compound glycyrrhizin and GIK injection one day after hepatectomy. Patients in the GLS therapy group were given ganoderma lucidum spores orally upon the basic of conventional therapy one day after hepatectomy. Detections of cluster differentiation (CD)4+, CD8+ and natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood were undertook preoperatively (or when enrolled in the study), and 1, 7 and 28 days after the operation. Comparisons of percentage of CD4+, CD8+ and NK cells between 2 groups were performed using t test. Results Percentage of CD4+ cells in HCC patients[ (34±7) %] reduced significantly, compared with the control group[ (43±7) %] (t=5.63, P 0.05). The percentages of CD4+、CD8+ and NK cells of patients in 2 groups decreased evidently one day after operation compared with the preoperative data (t= 4.01, 2.69, 2.75; P<0.01) . Compared with the conventional therapy group, the percentage of CD4+ in the GLS therapy group elevated significantly 7 and 28 days after operation (t=3.70, 2.39; P<0.05) , while the percentage of CD8+ decreased significantly (t=4.06, 2.79; P<0.05) , and the NK cells elevated significantly (t=2.79, 2.09; P<0.05) . Conclusions The cellular immunological function in patients with HCC is inhibited before and after the operation. Application of ganoderma lucidum spores early after the operation can improve the cellular immunological function and help to maintain the body immunological balance. Key words: Carcinoma, hepatocellular; Reishi; Autoimmunity; CD4-positive T-lymphocytes; CD8-positive T-lymphocytes; Killer cells, natural

Optimal antithrombotic/anticoagulation therapy in patients on chronic oral anticoagulation (OAC) undergoing drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation is unknown. We investigated the efficacy and safety of two regimens of antithrombotic/anticoagulation therapy in patients who present for DES implantation whilst on OAC. We included a series of 515 patients on OAC who underwent DES implantation between 2002 and 2007. Based on predefined clinical and echocardiographic criteria, 306 patients continued OAC (triple therapy) and 209 patients discontinued OAC (dual therapy) for the time they received antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin [stent-related antithrombotic treatment (SRAT)]. The primary end point was a composite of death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis or stroke. During SRAT the primary endpoint was observed in 13 patients in the group with triple therapy versus 15 patients in the group with dual therapy [Kaplan-Meier estimates 4.2% and 7.2%, odds ratio (OR) = 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29-1.28; P = 0.19]. At 2 years of follow-up, the primary endpoint was observed in 35 patients in the group with triple therapy versus 36 patients in the group with dual therapy (Kaplan-Meier estimates 14.1% and 18.0%, OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.48-1.21; P = 0.25). Two-year incidence of major bleeding was 1.4% (n = 4, triple therapy) versus 3.1% (n = 6, dual therapy) (P = 0.34). In patients on chronic OAC undergoing DES implantation, clinical and echocardiographic criteria help to define postprocedural antithrombotic/anticoagulation therapy. Based on these criteria, both a double antiplatelet therapy (clopidogrel plus aspirin) and a triple therapy (OAC plus clopidogrel plus aspirin) are associated with favourable safety and efficacy.

To compare the efficacy of triple therapy (metformin/exenatide/pioglitazone) versus stepwise conventional therapy (metformin → glipizide → glargine insulin) on liver fat content and hepatic fibrosis in newly diagnosed, drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes. Sixty-eight patients completed the 6-year follow-up and had an end-of-study (EOS) FibroScan to provide measures of steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter [CAP] in dB/m) and fibrosis (liver stiffness measurement [LSM] in kPa); 59 had magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) to measure liver fat. At EOS, HbA1c was 6.8% and 6.0% in triple and conventional therapy groups, respectively (P=.0006). Twenty-seven of 39 subjects (69%) receiving conventional therapy had grade 2/3 steatosis (CAP, FibroScan) versus nine of 29 (31%) in triple therapy (P=.0003). Ten of 39 (26%) subjects receiving conventional therapy had stage 3/4 fibrosis (LSM) versus two of 29 (7%) in triple therapy (P=.04). Conventional therapy subjects had more liver fat (MRI-PDFF) than triple therapy (12.9% vs. 8.8%, P=.03). The severity of steatosis (CAP) (r=0.42, P < .001) and fibrosis (LSM) (r=-0.48, P < .001) correlated inversely with the Matsuda Index of insulin sensitivity, but not with percentage body fat. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), plasma AST, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) all decreased significantly with triple therapy, but only the decrease in plasma AST and ALT correlated with the severity of steatosis and fibrosis at EOS. At EOS, subjects with type 2 diabetes treated with triple therapy had less hepatic steatosis and fibrosis versus conventional therapy; the severity of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were both strongly and inversely correlated with insulin resistance; and changes in liver fibrosis scores (APRI, NFS, Fibrosis-4, and AST/ALT ratio) have limited value in predicting response to therapy.

Diabetes mellitus, defined as a fasting plasma glucose of ≥126 mg/dL or a glycosylated hemoglobin A1c level (HbA1c) of ≥6.5%, afflicts ≈12.9% of adults in the United States and nearly 285 million adults worldwide.1,2 Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, independently conferring a 2-fold excess risk of coronary heart disease and stroke.3 Macrovascular events in diabetes mellitus remain the leading cause of mortality, and the burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to diabetes mellitus has increased over the past decade.4 An increase in the prevalence of obesity has contributed to the rise in diabetes mellitus. Additionally, obesity independently increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus.5 Although strict glycemic control unequivocally reduces the microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, the macrovascular benefits of intensive therapy have been difficult to establish, with conflicting results from large clinical trials.6–9 Multifactorial strategies are recommended to reduce cardiovascular risk in diabetes mellitus through enhanced glycemic control, blood pressure reduction, lipid management, weight loss, and physical activity.10 Unfortunately, despite aggressive interventions for hyperglycemia, <50% of patients achieve standard HbA1c targets with conventional therapy.11 Polypharmacy is required to achieve glycemic control in the majority of patients within 3 years of diagnosis.12 Although combinations of drug classes can synergistically target multiple pathophysiological defects, novel therapies are required to manage diabetes mellitus and mitigate cardiovascular risks. Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist incretin therapies were developed to complement conventional treatment options for diabetes mellitus. Despite promising initial reports of cardioprotective effects, DPP-IV inhibitors have failed to demonstrate improved cardiovascular outcomes in large clinical trials.13–15 Randomized studies to evaluate cardiovascular outcomes associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists are currently underway. This review presents …

Objective: To compare the eradication rates of Helicobacter pylori (HP) and the incidence of adverse reactions among three treatment methods. Methods: A total of 139 patients with Helicobacter pylori infection diagnosed at the outpatient clinic or during hospitalization in the Department of Gastroenterology of West Electric Group Hospital from January 2022 to April 2023 were enrolled. Patients were divided into three groups: dual therapy group (46 cases), triple therapy group (62 cases), and quadruple therapy group (31 cases). The dual therapy group received omeprazole and amoxicillin; the triple therapy group received omeprazole, amoxicillin, and probiotics; the quadruple therapy group received omeprazole, colloidal bismuth pectin capsules, amoxicillin, and furazolidone. All treatments lasted for two weeks. The eradication rates and incidence of adverse reactions were compared among the three groups. Results: The eradication rates for the dual, triple, and quadruple therapy groups were 84.8%, 85.5%, and 85%, respectively (P &gt; 0.05). The primary adverse reactions included gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and abdominal discomfort, with incidence rates of 1, 2, and 6 cases in the dual, triple, and quadruple therapy groups, respectively (P = 0.574). However, a significant difference was found between the dual and quadruple therapy groups (P = 0.03) and between the triple and quadruple therapy groups (P = 0.026). Neurological side effects, such as dizziness and headache, were rare, with incidences of 0, 1, and 1 cases in the dual, triple, and quadruple therapy groups, respectively (P = 0.611). Conclusion: The efficacy of dual, triple, and quadruple therapy for eradicating Helicobacter pylori showed no significant difference. However, the dual and triple therapy groups had lower adverse reaction rates, making them suitable alternatives to traditional quadruple therapy for reducing patient discomfort. The probiotic group also contributed to the restoration of normal gastrointestinal microbiota.

To compare the long-term efficacy of initiating therapy with metformin/pioglitazone/exenatide in patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) versus sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin. Drug-naive patients (N = 318) with new-onset T2DM were randomly assigned to receive for 3 years either 1) combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone, and exenatide (triple therapy) or 2) sequential addition of metformin followed by glipizide and insulin (conventional therapy) to maintain HbA1c at <6.5% (48 mmol/mol). Insulin sensitivity and β-cell function were measured at baseline and 3 years. The primary outcome was the difference in HbA1c between the groups at 3 years. Baseline HbA1c ± SEM values were 9.0% ± 0.2% and 8.9% ± 0.2% in the triple therapy and conventional therapy groups, respectively. The decrease in HbA1c resulting from triple therapy was greater at 6 months than that produced by conventional therapy (0.30% [95% CI 0.21-0.39]; P = 0.001), and the HbA1c reduction was maintained at 3 years in patients receiving triple therapy compared with conventional therapy (6.4% ± 0.1% and 6.9% ± 0.1%, respectively), despite intensification of antihyperglycemic therapy in the latter. Thus, the difference in HbA1c between the two treatment groups at 3 years was 0.50% (95% CI 0.39-0.61; P < 0.0001). Triple therapy produced a threefold increase in insulin sensitivity and 30-fold increase in β-cell function. In conventional therapy, insulin sensitivity did not change and β-cell function increased by only 34% (both P < 0.0001 vs. triple therapy). Triple therapy with agents that improve insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in patients with new-onset T2DM produces greater, more durable HbA1c reduction than agents that lower glucose levels without correcting the underlying metabolic defects.

IntroductionDolichoectatic vertebrobasilar fusiform aneurysms (DVBFA) have poor natural history with worsening of brainstem compression and eventual rupture within a few years. Flow-diversion is feasible, but even under dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT)...

Objective To investigate the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs on sleep-disordered breathing and diabetic microangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods A total of 239 patients with T2DM in the Department of Endocrinology and Sleep Center of Henan Provincial People′s Hospital were collected for polysomnography monitoring and diabetic microangiopathy screening from January 2017 to December 2018. A total of 93 patients with T2DM and OSAHS were included, who were diagnosed with diabetic microangiopathy, 50 patients treated with liraglutide as the treatment group, and 43 patients treated with conventional hypoglycemic drugs as the control group. After 6-month treatment, changes of body mass index, waist circumference, HbA1c, blood pressure, lipid profile, uric acid, apnea hypopnea index and the improvement of diabetic microangiopathy in the two groups were compared. Student-t test, Rank-sum test or Chi-square test were used for comparison between the two groups. ANCOVA and partial correlation analysis were used to evaluate the correlation between each index and AHI variation value. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between liraglutide and the improvement of diabetic microangiopathy. Results After 6-month treatment, compared with control group, BMI, waist circumference, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, and AHI were decreased more significantly in treatment group[(-1.85±2.46) vs (0.02±0.46) kg/m2, (-3.24±10.34) vs (-0.07±0.88) cm, (-0.83±0.55)% vs (-0.06±0.40)%,(-7.92±14.16) vs (-0.56±16.16) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) , (-3.16±3.52) vs (0.5±1.54) time/h, t=2.159-7.703, all P<0.05], diabetic microangiopathy was improved more significantly in treatment group [26.0%(13/50) vs 9.3%(4/43), χ2=4.315, P<0.05]. The change in AHI after treatment was positively correlated with changes in BMI, waist circumference and HbA1c (r=0.238, 0.232 and 0.317, all P<0.05), and was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.21, P<0.05). After adjusting for age, duration of diabetes, BMI, waist circumference, HbA1c, and systolic blood pressure, liraglutide was associated with AHI variation value (F=8.155, P=0.005). After adjusting for age, duration of diabetes, BMI, waist circumference, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, and AHI, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that liraglutide could improve diabetic peripheral neuropathy (OR=3.426, 95%CI:1.024-11.460, P=0.046). Conclusion Liraglutide may improve sleep-disordered breathing and diabetic microangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, but has no effect on diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Sleep apnea, obstructive; Diabetic microangiopathy; Glucagon-like peptide-1

Objective To investigate the effects of different therapeutic methods on borderline hypertension with metabolic syndrome patients. Methods Ninety borderline hypertension with metabolic syndrome patients were divided into three groups by random digits table with 30 cases: control group,conventional therapy group and intensive therapy group. The control group was given regular observation, the conventional therapy group took drug according to the disease situation; and the intensive therapy group not only formulated the aim of therapy, but also received diet control, sport therapy, healthy education and drug therapy. After 1 year's follow-up, the patients' changes were compared. Results After 1 year's follow-up,the levels of FPG, 2 h PG, 24 h mAlb and IMT were significantly increased(P ＜ 0.05 ), and the levels of other index had no significant changes (P＞ 0.05) in control group. The levels of FPG,2 h PG,TC and TG were significantly decreased and IMT was significantly increased (P ＜0.05), the levels of other index had no significant changes(P ＞ 0.05 ) in conventional therapy group. The levels of SBP, DBP, PP, FPG, 2 h PG, TC,TG,hs-CRP,24 h mAlb and HOMA-IR were significantly decreased and HDL-C, ABI were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05 ) in intensive therapy group. After treatment, the levels of ABI and H DL-C were significantly higher and SBP, DBP, PP,TG, hs-CRP, 24 h mAlb, HOMA-IR, IMT were significantly lower in intensive therapy group than those in conventional therapy group (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions Drug therapy is efficient in borderline hypertension with metabolic syndrome patients, and intensive therapy can obviously improve the insulin resistance, to control the developing of hypertension can delay the vascular Key words: Causality; Metabolic syndrome X; Borderline hypertension; Vascular disease

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is increased acutely by carbohydrate ingestion and is elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the physiological significance of increased FGF21 in humans remains largely unknown. We examined whether FGF21 contributed to the metabolic improvements observed following treatment of patients with T2D with either triple (metformin/pioglitazone/exenatide) or conventional (metformin/insulin/glipizide) therapy for 3 yr. Forty-six patients with T2D were randomized to receive either triple or conventional therapy to maintain HbA1c < 6.5%. A 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at baseline and following 3 years of treatment to assess glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell function. Plasma total and bioactive FGF21 levels were quantitated before and during the OGTT at both visits. Patients in both treatment arms experienced significant improvements in glucose control, but insulin sensitivity and β-cell function were markedly increased after triple therapy. At baseline, FGF21 levels were regulated acutely during the OGTT in both groups. After treatment, fasting total and bioactive FGF21 levels were significantly reduced in patients receiving triple therapy, but there was a relative increase in the proportion of bioactive FGF21 compared with that observed in conventionally treated subjects. Relative to baseline studies, triple therapy treatment also significantly modified FGF21 levels in response to a glucose load. These changes in circulating FGF21 were correlated with markers of improved glucose control and insulin sensitivity. Alterations in the plasma FGF21 profile may contribute to the beneficial metabolic effects of pioglitazone and exenatide in human patients with T2D.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In patients with T2D treated with a combination of metformin/pioglitazone/exenatide (triple therapy), we observed reduced total and bioactive plasma FGF21 levels and a relative increase in the proportion of circulating bioactive FGF21 compared with that in patients treated with metformin and sequential addition of glipizide and basal insulin glargine (conventional therapy). These data suggest that FGF21 may contribute, at least in part, to the glycemic benefits observed following combination therapy in patients with T2D.

Anakinra, a recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist is effective in treatment of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis. However, its efficacy in non-idiopathic pericarditis (secondary to a diagnosed inflammatory condition, or other known etiology) is unclear. We evaluated the efficacy of anakinra in patients with non-idiopathic (secondary to a diagnosed inflammatory condition, or other known etiology) and idiopathic pericarditis, who were intolerant or refractory to conventional therapy (colchicine and corticosteroids). This was a single-center study in which we performed a retrospective chart review of consecutive adult patients hospitalized with pericarditis intolerant or refractory to conventional therapy who were treated with conventional therapy and anakinra between January 2016-October 2018. The control group included age-matched hospitalized pericarditis patients treated with conventional therapy only. Symptom relief at discharge, time to symptom relief and recurrence on treatment were compared. The effect of outpatient continuation of anakinra on post-treatment recurrence risk was assessed. Twelve patients received anakinra for pericarditis; 22 age-matched controls were identified. Ten patients (83.3%) in the conventional therapy and anakinra group and 13 patients (54.1%) in the conventional therapy groups had non-idiopathic pericarditis. All conventional therapy and anakinra patients and 16 of 22 patients in the conventional therapy group reported symptom relief at discharge (p=0.04). Time to symptom relief was decreased in the conventional therapy and anakinra group (3.75±1.87 vs 5.63±3.28 days, p=0.08). During treatment, all conventional therapy and anakinra-treated patients continued to be symptom free, while nine of 22 conventional therapy patients (40.9%) experienced recurrence (p=0.009). Recurrence risk after treatment discontinuation was similar in the conventional therapy and anakinra group and the conventional therapy group. In hospitalized patients with non-idiopathic or idiopathic pericarditis refractory, or intolerant to, conventional therapy, anakinra is associated with improved symptom relief and decreased recurrence risk during treatment.

Tegoprazan, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, is currently available for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. We compared the efficacies of tegoprazan-based triple and concomitant therapies in a real-world practice. Data of patients treated with a 14-day tegoprazan-based triple therapy (50 mg of tegoprazan + 1000 mg of amoxicillin + 500 mg of clarithromycin twice daily) or 10-day tegoprazan-based concomitant therapy (50 mg of tegoprazan + 1000 mg of amoxicillin + 500 mg of clarithromycin + 500 mg of metronidazole twice daily) were retrospectively reviewed. Primary endpoint was eradication rate in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. Of the 928 included patients, 551 and 377 were treated with triple and concomitant therapies, respectively. Eradication rate from ITT analysis was 76.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 72.7−79.8%) in the triple therapy group and 85.9% (95% CI, 82.2−89.2%) in the concomitant therapy group (p < 0.001). Eradication rate in the per-protocol analysis was also higher in the concomitant therapy group than in the triple therapy group (triple vs. concomitant therapy: 84.5% [81.1−87.5%] vs. 91.1% [87.8−93.8%]). Overall adverse event rate was 29.0% in the triple therapy group and 45.9% in the concomitant therapy group (p < 0.001). Adherence rate was similar between the two groups (triple vs. concomitant therapy: 90.0 vs. 92.6%, p = 0.180). Overall, the 10-day tegoprazan-based concomitant therapy had superior efficacy than the 14-day tegoprazan-based triple therapy for H. pylori eradication. Although concomitant therapy showed common adverse events, adherence was comparable between the two therapies.

BackgroundReports of triple combination therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) suggest a benefit, as do reports for zeaxanthin. An interventional comparative study was thus undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of triple combination therapy with and without zeaxanthin, as well as the economic viability of the therapies.MethodsThe cases of 543 consecutive eyes of 424 patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to AMD were reviewed. All eyes were treated with triple combination therapy (triple therapy) consisting of: (1) reduced-fluence photodynamic therapy with verteporfin, (2) intravitreal bevacizumab and (3) intravitreal dexamethasone. Therapy was repeated as necessary. One cohort of patients was also given supplementation with 20 mg of oral zeaxanthin (Zx) daily.ResultsThe triple therapy group without Zx received a mean of 2.8 treatment cycles and 87 % of patients had stable or improved vision at 24 months. In the triple therapy group with Zx, the mean number of treatment cycles was 2.1, with 83 % of patients having stable or improved vision at 24 months. At 24 months, CNV developed in 12.5 % of fellow eyes treated with triple therapy alone; CNV developed in 6.25 % of eyes treated with triple therapy with Zx (p = 0.03). An average cost-utility analysis revealed that triple therapy was cost-effective with a cost-utility ratio of $26,574/QALY, while triple therapy with Zx was more cost-effective with an average cost-utility ratio of $19,962/QALY. The incremental cost-utility analysis assessing the addition of Zx to triple therapy disclosed Zx supplementation was very cost-effective at $5302/QALY. When it was assumed that triple therapy with Zx reduced fellow eye CNV development by 30.3 %, the incremental cost-utility dropped to (−$6332/QALY), indicating that adding Zx to triple therapy yielded greater patient value, and was also less expensive than using triple therapy alone.ConclusionsTriple therapy is comparatively effective and cost-effective. Considerably less treatment is needed than reported in monotherapy studies. The addition of oral Zx appears to further reduce the treatment cycles required, and possibly reduce the risk of CNV development in the fellow eye.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus with visceral abdominal obesity and the correlation analysis of visceral fat area. Methods The visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) were measured in 350 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.VFA (≥100 cm2) was used as the diagnostic criteria for visceral abdominalobesity. According to the VFA, the patients were divided into the control group of type 2 diabetes mellitus (VFA<100 cm2) and the observation group of diabetes mellitus and abdominal obesity (VFA≥100 cm2). The height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) ,blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA) etc were measured. All the indexes were compared between the two groups. Results The height, weight, BMI, head circumference, neck circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, VFA, SFA, TG, TC, UA and diastolic pressure in type 2 diabetes mellitus with abdominal obesity group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out with visceral fat area as strain and other factors as independent variables. The results showed that body weight, BMI, waist circumference, TG and diastolic pressure were included in the regression equation, which was an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus with abdominal obesity. Conclusions Increased body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, triglyceride and diastolic blood pressureare not onlyrisk factors of VFA, but also related to type 2 diabetes mellitus with abdominal obesity. Key words: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Visceral abdominal obesity; Clinical analysis