Controlled burning as an active method of protecting heathlands – methodology of the procedure

Differential expression of HDACs and KATs in high and low regeneration capacity neurons during spinal cord regeneration

Tourism as sustainable development and conservation of environment are mirror image of each other. Itcan positively or negatively affect social, economic and environmental development of the region. A casestudy in sacred groves of Parnera hills, Valsad district, Gujarat, India was conducted through informaldiscussions and interviews with stake holders and local people of that area. Points of discussion in studyincluded: Impact on environment, environmental sustainability policies, community involvement andinteraction in the development of the area, environmental conservational activities, and economicsustainability. Findings demonstrate that tourism in sacred groves of Parnera hills affectedsocio-economicstatus in the aspect of monetary gain to local people.In targeting the development of the area, environmentalpolicies were overlooked and loss of biodiversity in flora and fauna reiterated the negative impact. Development of infrastructural facilities at the cost of biodiversity generated numerous debates. Seeing to the challenges of conservation for the ecofriendly sustainable development; awareness programs for local population and stake holders is an essential step which would balance the goals of development of ecotourism and conserving the diversity.

The Pongkor post-mining area is designated as one of the ecotourism areas in Bogor. This area has biodiversity of flora and fauna. This study aims to: (1) analysis the importance value index (IVI) of flora types; (2) analysis species richness index, species diversity index, and relative species abundance index; (3) analysis the beauty, the uniqueness and the rarity of the flora and fauna types. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive. Based on the identification results, 185 species of flora are distributed in this region. During the rainy season, 15 species of herpetofauna were identified, 32 types of aves, and 4 types of mammals, while in the dry season 19 species of herpetofauna were identified, 23 types of aves, and 2 types of mammals. Based on the results of the analysis conducted on these flora and fauna, there are flora species that have high IVI values and some beautiful and unique flora species that are in the category of endangered species. Besides that, there are also fauna species which have a value of species richness index, species diversity index, and relative species abundance index, as well as some beautiful, unique, and fauna species that are in the category of endangered species.

Mokwam Area is one of the ecotourism objects in Warmare District, Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province. Whilst, it has a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, ecotourism of Mokwam is also rich in herbs used by indigenous Mokwam known as Arfak tribe. The aim of this study were: 1) to identify the potential of ecotourism in Mokwam Area, 2) to better understanding constraints in ecotourism management supporting environmental preservation in Mokwam Area, and 3) to determine the ecotourism management strategies in favor of Mokwam environmental preservation. Data collection techniques of this research were observation, interview and documentation. The collected data was analysed by using qualitative descriptive and SWOT analysis. The SWOT is used to frame ecotourism management strategy by identifying internal and external factors. The results shows that the ecotourim potential of Mokwam area is a beautiful natural scenery, as well as biodiversity of flora and fauna. The potential attracted endemic faunas of Mokwam ecotourism is a variety of Birds of Paradise (Burung Cenderawasih) which are Cenderawasih Raja (Western Parotia), Cenderawasih Bela Rotan (Magnificent Bird of Paradise), Cenderawasih Ekor Panjang (Arfak Astrapia), Cenderawasih Buff-tailed sicklebill, Cenderawasih Long-tailed paradigala, Cenderawasih Black Sicklebill, as well as Namdurpolos Clever Bird (Vogelkop Bowerbird). Several considerable constraints in managing Mokwam ecotourism considering the environmental conservation is shifting cultivation method implementing by Arfak tribe. This method would potentially exterminate the forest as a habitat of the endemic flora and fauna if there is an increase in population, hot mix road access to Mokwam areas has still not been available and lack of cooperation between villages in Mokwam Area. The strategies based conservation concept in managing Mokwam ecotourism are promoting Mokwam potential ecotourim to the outside audiences; preserving the local wisdom of igya ser hanjob in order to protect the forests which are the habitat of endemic flora and fauna; improving road access to Mokwam Area; conducting comparative studies to similar tourism objects; establishing effective cooperation with other available tourism objects around Mokwam Area; empowering Arfak community about ecotourism management so that the community competitiveness towards other ecotourism areas could potentially be realised. 
 Keywords: Ecotourism, biodiversity of flora and fauna, management strategy, local wisdom

Research on the biodiversity of flora and fauna in conservation forests in the petroleum/oil refinery industri is rarely done, this activity aims to obtain information on the biodiversity of flora and fauna, especially bird species. This research was conducted in in the Bukit Datuk Dumai forest area, Riau Province. Ploting a plot of 100 m x 100 m (1 ha) is made for flora biodiversity, for bird plots with a radius of 25 m scattered randomly at that location. The structure and composition of tree species with a diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm, saplings and seedlings were examined from a permanent measuring plot of one ha. There were 32 species of trees with a diameter of ≥ 10 cm and numbering 354 trees, belonging to 22 family, the largest species being Dipterocarpaceae. Species that dominate tree level stands are Garcinia dioca L. IVI = 39.67%, Gironniera subaequalis Planch. IVI = 30.39% and Ochanostachys amentaceae Mast. IVI = 30.26 %. The species in sapling level are Hopea mengarawan Miq., Gironniera subaequalis Planch. and Shorea acuminata Dyer. With IVI respectively 73.71%, 42.51% and 35.24%, seedlings of species Glochidion sp. With IVI 47.10%, Koompassia excelsa Taub. IVI 43.52% and Hopea mengarawan Miq. IVI24.62%. The number of bird species was found 33 with a diversity index of 2.63, an evenness index of 0.75 and a species richness index of 6.52.Keywords: structure, composition, regeneration, swamp forests, fauna, birds.

Register 25 is the forest area have located in the Tanggamus district with an area of 3,380 hectares and have landscape potentials such a natural landscape, waterfalls, biodiversity of flora and fauna that can be developed as an ecotourism location. Ecotourism is a tourism conception from environmental by the activities which related to the nature. This research have a purposed to take inventory and analysis landscape potentionn in Register 25 for ecotourism development. The method used on this research are observation, interview and documentation. The data have taken on December 2015 by wrote the location of the potential tourism used the GPS, the document retrieval of landscape objects which are seen as interest object used to be a trial to people who be the visitors of Pahawang Island, documentation and interview. The results were analized by descriptively qualitative and served as map of the tourist track. From this research have known that register 25, Pematang Tanggang the tourism potential there are view of Teluk Kiluan, Batu Suluh beach,Tanggang Mountain, and some waterfall that have the uniquely and beauty and biodiversity of flora and fauna that can be found along in the tourist track. The valuation of tourist about that tourism objects are 85,55% is good, 13,89% is average, and 0,56% is bad. Based on that value the tourism objects there are in forest area Register 25 Pematang Tanggang, Tanggamus District included to potentially for the develop e a ecotourism. Keywords : Ecotourism, Landscape, Potential, Register 25

Changes in agricultural land use as a consequence of an increased demand of energy crops have resulted in an increase of maize cropped area in many regions of Germany. The focus on maize as main biogas substrate, has led in some cases to negative ecological and environmental impacts, such as a loss of agro biodiversity reflected in a loss of field flora and fauna biodiversity. The present paper deals with the evaluation of the fauna in different bioenergy cropping systems on two sites in South-West Germany, with a special focus on the species richness of carabid beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages as an indicator for the general status of diversity. A maize field, an agroforestry system with maize and different tree species as well as different alternative biogas crops (amaranth, sunflower) was investigated for their carabid beetle activity, density, and species richness using pitfall traps. Moreover, for an adequate evaluation of the carabid assemblages different common diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener diversity (H’), Simpson diversity (D) and Evenness (J’)) were used. In the case of the maize field on both field edges 8 and 6 carabid beetle species, respectively were trapped, while in the field centre 2 carabid beetle species were trapped. The agroforestry system indicated slightly higher crabid beetle species richness close to the tree strips. The investigation of alternative biogas crops showed no significant differences in carabid beetle diversity. Overall, the results of the different studies showed, that biodiversity of bioenergy cropping systems could be enhanced by the creation of refuge areas for carabid beetles or other animals. Refuges could be either field margins with grass and hedgerows or strips of more extensively used perennial energy crops across the field.

Achieving global biodiversity goals by 2050 requires urgent and integrated actions

Fuzzy analytic network process approach to evaluate land and sea criteria for land use planning in coastal areas

Tropical and subtropical grasslands and savannas have historically been neglected in global and local conservation policies. As a result, nearly half of their coverage has been lost. In 2023, the world's most biodiverse savanna (Brazilian Cerrado) lost 1.110.326 ha, increasing the rate of land conversion by 67.7% (MapBiomas, 2024). The resulting biodiversity and ecosystem service losses, including the ability to mitigate climate change, are profound and irreversible. As scientists specialized in ecology, conservation, and restoration, from around the world, we call on policymakers at COP 16 to act decisively: Tropical and subtropical grasslands and savannas matter for biodiversity protection, and the future of this planet relies on these ecosystems to the same extent it relies on forests. Grasslands and savannas harbor an extraordinary biodiversity of light-loving fauna and flora, with up to 60 plants per square meter in some regions (Silva Menezes et al., 2018; Wilson et al., 2012). Many of these species are endemic and at risk of extinction. These ancient ecosystems are home to an astonishing cultural legacy and diversity. They are not only crucial for species conservation but also water security and carbon storage. For example, most of the major rivers in the Amazon originate in montane grasslands in the Andes, the Cerrado, and the Guyana Plateau. Peat soils in South American savannas store more carbon belowground than tropical forests do aboveground. These carbon stocks, some dating back 40,000 years, are at risk if inappropriate land use practices like soil drainage or large-scale tree planting disrupt natural water cycles. Once open ecosystems are degraded, they rarely regain their original biodiversity and function. Effective restoration remains a challenge, while promising, restored open ecosystems rarely fully recover the complexity, diversity, or resilience of pristine ecosystems (Nerlekar & Veldman, 2020; Pilon et al., 2023; Zaloumis & Bond, 2011). This makes immediate conservation the most effective tool in mitigating biodiversity loss and maintaining ecosystem services. The UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration is meaningless without a solid policy to reduce and stop land conversion. Conserving the remaining tropical and subtropical grasslands and savannas is the only assurance that future generations will benefit from the services these ecosystems provide. We believe in the potential of restoration, but it cannot replace effective biodiversity protection. Robust environmental policies must be grounded in scientific evidence and prioritize both present and future societal well-being. As scientists and citizens, we emphasize the critical need to conserve what remains of these ecosystems. While science works toward restoring what has been lost, conservation is our best defense against the biodiversity crisis and the loss of essential ecosystem services. Natashi Pilon, Franciele Peixoto, Rafael S. Oliveira, Ana Carolina C. Oliveira, and Giselda Durigan led the initiative and wrote the letter; all the 137 authors read and agreed with all the content of the letter. We declare no conflict of interest. There are no data associated with the paper.

Biodiversity sustains human livelihoods and life itself. An estimated 40% of the global economy is based on biological products and processes. As the biodiversity harbours a great amount of diversity with respect to species diversity, crop diversity, etc., which provides a rich amount of a well-evolved systems over time and background support for rich resources, the mining is a destructive activity generated by human beings for providing strength and security to their living standards. The mining in the concerned zones provides raw materials in the form of crusher, gravels and stones, etc. for construction of roads, railway lines, and other infrastructure. It results in the loss of biodiversity of both flora and fauna and physiographic features of the concerned region. After the mining operation in any area is over, the sign of same lie for decades and maybe forever. It results in creation of so many environment-related problems and health hazards. Mining poses serious and highly specific threats to biodiversity.

Development of a seedling clone with high regeneration capacity and susceptibility to Agrobacterium in apple

A local perspective on the links between flora biodiversity and ecosystem services in the northwest highlands of Ethiopia

As nascentes representam o início da formação das redes de drenagens e, assim, são fundamentais para a manutenção dos recursos hídricos. Apesar da notória importância de preservação dessas áreas, esses ambientes ainda continuam sofrendo com as ações predatórias do homem. Como consequência, destaca-se a redução na vegetação ciliar, perda na biodiversidade da fauna e flora, aumento dos processos erosivos no solo e assoreamento de diversos corpos d’água, inclusive de nascentes. Neste artigo, realizaremos um estudo de revisão bibliográfica a respeito da situação ambiental na qual se encontra a bacia do rio Itabapoana, dando ênfase nas áreas de nascentes.

Flora biodiversity plays a critical role in sustaining ecosystems, yet anthropogenic activities continue to threaten its existence. This study examines the effects of socioeconomic activities such as logging, farming, and hunting on flora biodiversity in Gashaka Local Government Area of Taraba State. The study employed a combination of descriptive statistics, time-series analysis, and regression modeling to assess biodiversity loss between 2013 and 2023. Findings reveal a significant decline in vegetation cover from 73.50% to 68.40%, accompanied by an increase in bare land. Relative Importance Index (RII) analysis identified poverty, population increase, weak conservation laws, and climate change as primary drivers of biodiversity loss. The study recommends enhanced environmental education, enforcement of conservation laws, and the promotion of alternative livelihoods to mitigate further loss of flora biodiversity.