Abstract
Controllable assembly from one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) nanoscale structures to three-dimensional (3-D) complex nanostructures has attracted great interest. For the first time, nanorods and nanosheets were controllably assembled into 3-D SnO2 nanoflower architectures based on a facile and shape-controlled acid vapor oxidation (AVO) method from the substrate in a simple reaction system. The as-prepared 3-D SnO2 nanoflowers have diameters ranging from 625 to 875 nm and are self-assembled by many nanorods and nanosheets with diameters and thicknesses of 33 nm. The growth of SnO2 with different morphologies was studied by controlling the reaction temperature and hydrochloric acid concentration. Their application in gas sensing was evaluated, indicating that the 3-D SnO2 nanoflower-based sensor is ultrasensitive to ethanol with a response of 2.54–50 ppb at the optimal working temperature of 230 °C. This work offers a facile, shape-controlled, and efficient route to synthesize complex SnO2 nanoflowers for gas detection with high performance, including ultrahigh sensitivity, good selectivity, and reversibility.
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