Abstract
Abstract Tobacco was transplanted at the Central Crops Research Station near Clayton, NC, on 15 May in a field with a Norfolk loamy sand soil. Plots were replicated 4 times and arranged according to a randomized complete-block design having 5 treatments. Individual plots were 2 rows (45 inches apart) by 42.5 ft (ca. 22 plants) and were separated by an untreated buffer row. Before transplanting, treatments were applied using either a CO2-powered sprayer or a Nobel granular applicator. Sprayable materials were applied at 20 psi and 26.6 gal/acre through Spraying Systems 8004 flat-fan nozzles spaced 20 inches apart on a 5 nozzle boom. Granular materials were applied in a 12 inch band centered over the row. Materials were incorporated immediately after application with a rolling cultivator and rows were rigid. At the time of application, soil moisture was excellent. Tobacco flea beetle adults were counted on 10 consecutive plants in row 2 of each plot. Tobacco aphid abundance per plant on all plants in row 2 of each plot was rated as follows: 0 = no aphids, 1 = 1-100, 2 = 101-500, 3 = 501-1,000, 4 = 1,001-2,000, 5 = 2,001-4,000, and 6 = >4,000. Using this information, the average aphid rating per plot was calculated. ANOVA was performed and Waller-Duncan K-ratio t tests (K = 100) were used to separate treatment means.
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