Abstract
The growth of nanorods using physical vapor deposition (PVD) sensitively depends on nucleation on the substrate. This work first proposes that residual air in the PVD vacuum chamber condensates on the substrate when it is between room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature, and that the condensation leads to low wettability and thereby large separation of nuclei and nanorods. As validation of this proposal, cold fingers are introduced to the experiment, and they indeed reduce the air condensation on the substrate so as to reduce the separation of nanorods. As further validation, the cold fingers become less effective in reducing the separation of nanorods as the substrate temperature increases. The proposed mechanism, having been validated, offers another way of controlling nanorod growth.
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