Abstract
The eradication program for the potato cyst nematode (PCN), Globodera pallida, in the Northwest of the United States revolves around the use of soil fumigation. Alternative, integrated strategies are needed to continue to battle this invasive nematode. Laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments were conducted with G. pallida and another cyst nematode found in the United States, Globodera ellingtonae, to evaluate the efficacy of a new formulated Brassica juncea seed meal extract, as well as a traditional B. juncea seed meal, as alternate eradication strategies. This is the first report on the efficacy of B. juncea seed meal extract against plant-parasitic nematodes. Rates of B. juncea seed meal greater than 2.2 t/ha and 4.5 t/ha for G. pallida and G. ellingtonae, respectively, were required for egg hatch suppression, as determined by a potato root diffusate (PRD) bioassay. Reproduction of G. pallida on potato after exposure to B. juncea seed meal at a rate of 2.2 t/ha was also significantly reduced. In the field, 8.9 t/ha B. juncea seed meal almost eliminated egg hatch of G. ellingtonae. Rates needed for Globodera spp. suppression were greatly reduced when using the B. juncea seed meal extract. When compared side-by-side, half as much B. juncea seed meal extract, 1.1 t/ha, was required to suppress G. ellingtonae egg hatch to the same extent as B. juncea seed meal. Exposure of G. pallida to B. juncea seed meal extract at 4.5 t/ha reduced egg hatch by 90% compared with a nonamended control. The ability to reduce the amount of material being applied to soil by using an extract has the potential for integration into a G. pallida eradication program.
Highlights
The eradication program for the potato cyst nematode (PCN), Globodera pallida, in the Northwest of the United States revolves around the use of soil fumigation
In trial 2, the lowest rate of B. juncea seed meal tested, 2.2 t/ha, resulted in similar hatch of G. ellingtonae eggs as in trial 1, but a 40% lower egg hatch compared to the nonamended control
The combined findings from laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments evaluating B. juncea seed meal and seed meal extract demonstrate the utility of B. juncea–derived amendments as a valuable component in an integrated eradication strategy for G. pallida and other Globodera spp
Summary
The eradication program for the potato cyst nematode (PCN), Globodera pallida, in the Northwest of the United States revolves around the use of soil fumigation. Laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments were conducted with G. pallida and another cyst nematode found in the United States, Globodera ellingtonae, to evaluate the efficacy of a new formulated Brassica juncea seed meal extract, as well as a traditional B. juncea seed meal, as alternate eradication strategies. The potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida, are internationally recognized quarantine pests that are among the most damaging pests to potato, causing up to 80% yield loss (Brodie, 1984; Singh et al, 2013) Both species of PCN are found in the United States. Population decline rates to nondetectable levels in the absence of a host can take 15 years or more for G. pallida (Turner, 1996; Timmermans et al, 2006) and only slightly less for G. rostochiensis (LaMondia and Brodie, 1986), making rotation with a nonhost impractical as an eradication strategy for infested fields in Idaho. Some level of resistance to G. pallida is present in potato varieties grown in Europe, there is no resistance in Idaho’s signature
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