Contribution to methods and techniques of scientific research: Research team - concept, formation, work and management

Introduction. This article makes a null hypothesis about the impossibility of the existence of material and technical resources as an independent object of study, because these resources cann’t be profitable or social effective without other resources. It is clear that material and technical resources become productive when interacting with financial, informational, innovative, time and other types of resources. The emergence of alternative energy sources, constant change of laws, improvement of construction technology, constant struggle for resources, changing financial vectors place new demands on the material and technical resources of construction and require new approaches to accounting and control.The purpose of the study is to formulate a definition of «material and technical resources» and identify their relationship with other resources in construction.Research methods. In the article has been used general scientific and specific research methods, in particular: comparison – to study of theoretical research of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of material and technical resources, and also assets and resources; graphic - to study the amount of capital investment in housing; analysis and synthesis - to identify ways of interaction of material and technical and other types of resources.Results of the research. In the study detected differences in the definition of«resources» and «assets». It is recognized that the concept of «resources» is broader than – «assets», which allows to distinguish these two definitions for future analysis of their components. Based on the analysis of the concepts of «material» and «technical» resources, the author’s definition of «material and technical resources» is formulated. To existing definitions is added that material and technical resources are one of the main elements of entrepreneurial potential, and also that their use brings not only profit, but also social effect, especially in construction. In addition, the relationship between logistics and other resources has been disclosed. The null hypothesis has been proved, it’s about material and technical resources which are not effective without connections with other resources, and their potential is assessed under the condition of interaction with financial, informational, organizational and time resources.Perspectives. In future studies, it’s advisable to disclose the genesis of material and technical resources; identify the main problems of their formation and efficiency of use; to assess the dynamics and trends of the behavior of analytical indicators and make appropriate proposals; develop a model of the relationship of material, technical and financial resources in accounting and control etc.

Bilimsel araştırma, bilimsel bilgi üreterek, kendimizi ve dünyamızı daha iyi anlamamızı sağlar. Bu süreçte, bilginin hangi yöntem, teknik ve araçlarla, ne kadar disiplinli ve özenli üretildiği ve paylaşıldığı önemli bir konudur. Özellikle, bilimsel amaçlara ve etiğe uygun olmayan araştırma araç, teknik, tutum ve eylemler, art niyet taşımaksızın dahi bilimsel araştırma açısından ciddi riskler oluşturmakta ve üretilen bilginin kalitesini, güvenilirliğini ve geçerliliğini düşürmektedir. Bilim ve araştırma etiği, bilimsel araştırmanın amaç, değer, ilke, kural, yöntem ve tekniklerinin açık ve anlaşılır olarak ortaya konularak, etkili bir şekilde uygulanabilmesini konu edinir. Bu çerçevede, araştırma sürecinde ve verilerinin paylaşımında açıklık ve şeffaflık, katılımcıların hakları ve bilgilerinin gizliliği ve anonimliği, bulguların güvenilirliği, araştırma yöntemi, teknik ve araçlarının doğru ve etik ilkeler ve standartlarla uyumlu kullanılması gibi konular bilim ve araştırma etiği açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, bilimsel araştırma süreci ve yöntemi, bilim ve araştırma etiği ile bilimsel etik ihlalleri ve sorunları ele alınarak tartışılmaktadır.

If you have ever wondered what constitutes medical research and how you might establish a project, get ethical approval, organise data collection, analyse your results, or present your findings, the scientific methods and research techniques (SMaRT) course is for you. An understanding of research is essential for all doctors in training. We were both interested in doing some research but wanted to see what it would really be like before taking the plunge. We did this course in November 2011, when we were both year 5 specialty registrars in anaesthesia. Although the SMaRT course has been designed for those who have passed the fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists exam, it is suitable for trainees from all backgrounds. Our group of delegates included a foundation year 2 doctor as well as trainees of various grades from medicine, surgery, and psychiatry. The course is delivered by the University of …

The subject of the research in this article is the features and patterns of the use of an interdisciplinary approach in modern scientific research in the field of law. The relevance of this problem and the need to study the patterns of using an interdisciplinary approach in the field of law is due to the fact that, on the one hand, an interdisciplinary approach is becoming increasingly widespread in the legal sciences, and on the other hand, the "inept" use of an interdisciplinary approach in the field of law can lead to a significant decrease in the effectiveness of scientific research in the field of legal sciences and to difficulties in assessing the significance of the obtained research results. The purpose of the work is to identify the patterns of using this approach based on the analysis of the features of the interdisciplinary approach in modern scientific research in the field of legal sciences and to propose ways to use it most effectively in modern scientific research in the field of jurisprudence. В В В В В The scientific novelty of the conducted research is as follows. During the analysis of the features and patterns of the use of an interdisciplinary approach in modern legal science, it was found that not all researchers understand the features (specifics) of the use of an interdisciplinary approach in legal research. The specificity of using an interdisciplinary approach in legal research is that an interdisciplinary approach allows us to identify common patterns of formation, development and functioning of state-legal phenomena as a variety of social phenomena. Therefore, in order to increase the effectiveness of using an interdisciplinary approach in modern scientific research in the field of legal sciences, it is better to conduct research on the purely legal side of state-legal phenomena within the framework of a disciplinary approach and traditional legal methods, an interdisciplinary approach, in our opinion, should play the role of a kind of philosophical basis that does not allow the absolutization of knowledge and assumes the need for dialogue in in order to conduct scientific research more productively.

Family Caregiver Partnerships in Palliative Care Research Design and Implementation.

Aşıcı, M. (2009). Literacy as a personal and social value. Journal of Values Education, 7(17), 9-26.Akgün, İ. H., Akgün, M. (2020). Analysis of digital literacy levels of social studies candidates. Journal of Ahi Evran University Kirsehir Education Faculty, 21(2), 1-19.Aksoy, N.C., Karabay, E. Aksoy, E. (2021). Analysis of digital literacy levels of classroom teachers. Selcuk University Journal of Communication, 14(2), 859-894. doi: 10.18094/JOSC.871290Altun, N., Alpan, G. B. (2021). Digital literacy in basic education programs. Journal of Education and Social Studies, 8(2), 280-294. DOI: 10.51725/etad.971177Arslan, S. (2019). Analysis of Digital Literacy Levels of Primary School and Middle-School Teachers in terms of Various Variables. Published master’s thesis. Sakarya University, Educational Sciences Institution.Aydemir, Z., Sakız, G., Doğan, M.C. (2019). Development of digital literacy skills rubric at the primary school level. National Education, 48(1), 617-638.Balay, R. (2004). Globalization, information society and education, Journal of Ankara University Faculty of Educational Sciences, 37(2), 61-82.Bay, D. N. (2021). Digital literacy levels of pre-school teacher candidates. Journal of Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Education, 5(7), 72-187.Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Scientific Research Techniques. Pegem Akademi Publications.Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, K. E., Akgün, E. Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F. (2010). Scientific Research Techniques. Pegem Publications.Deye, S. (2015). Promoting digital literacy among students and educators. National Conference Of State Legislatures. Retrieved from https://www.ncsl.org/Portals/1/Documents/educ/digLiteracy_final.pdfDirekçi, B., Akbulut, S., Şimşek, S. (2019). Analysis of Turkish lesson curriculum (2018) and middle-school Turkish textbooks in terms of digital literacy skills. Eurasian Journal of International Studies, 7(16), 797-813.Doğan, D. (2020). The perceptions of university students of their own digital literacy. Journal of Technology Applications in Education, 1(1), 26-35. https://doi.org/10.29329/jtae.2020.283.2.Duggan, F. (2013). Why Universities Should Acquire And Teach Digital Literacy. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/education/2013/apr/23/universities-should-teach-digital-literacy. Access date: 14/04/2022Duran, E., Ertan Özen N. (2018). Digital literacy in Turkish lessons. Turkish Journal of Education, 3(2), 31-46.Eshet, Y. (2004). Digital literacy: A conceptual frame work for survival skills in the Digital era. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 13(1), 93-106.Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N.E. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw-Hill International Edition.Göldağ, B. (2021). Analysis of the relationship between university students’ digital literacy levels and awareness levels of digital data security. E-international journal of educational research, 12(3), 82-100.Hamutoğlu, N. B., Canan Güngören, Ö., Kaya Uyanık, G., Gür Erdoğan, D. (2017). Digital literacy scale: Study on its adaptation to Turkish. Aegean Journal of Education, 18(1), 408- 429.Karabacak, Z. İ., Sezgin, A. A. (2019). Digital transformation and digital literacy in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Administration, 488, 319-343.Karasar, N. (2011). Scientific research methods. Nobel Publications.Kazu, İ. Y., Erten, P. (2014). Digital competency levels of teacher candidates. Bartın University Journal of Education Faculty, 3(2), 132-152.Korkmaz, M. (2020). Identification of the digital literacy levels of classroom teachers [Published master’s thesis]. Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Educational Sciences Institute.

The research subject of this article is the features and patterns of the use of an interdisciplinary approach to modern scientific research in the field of law. The relevance of this problem and the need to study the patterns of using an interdisciplinary approach in the field of law is because, on the one hand, it is becoming increasingly widespread in the legal sciences. On the other hand, the "inept" use of an interdisciplinary approach in the field of law can lead to a significant decrease in the effectiveness of scientific research in the legal sciences and lead to difficulties in assessing the significance of the obtained research results. The purpose of this work is to identify the patterns of using this approach based on the analysis of the features of the interdisciplinary approach in modern scientific research in the field of legal sciences and to propose ways to use it most effectively in modern scientific research in the field of jurisprudence. В В В В В The scientific novelty of the conducted research is as follows. During the analysis of the features and patterns of the use of an interdisciplinary approach in modern legal science, it was found that not all researchers understand the features (specifics) of the use of an interdisciplinary approach in legal research. The specificity of using an interdisciplinary approach in legal research is that an interdisciplinary approach allows us to identify common patterns of formation, development and functioning of state-legal phenomena as a variety of social phenomena. Therefore, in order to increase the effectiveness of using an interdisciplinary approach in modern scientific research in the field of legal sciences, it is better to conduct research on the purely legal side of state-legal phenomena within the framework of a disciplinary approach and traditional legal methods, an interdisciplinary approach, in our opinion, should play the role of a kind of philosophical basis that does not allow the absolutization of knowledge and assumes the need for dialogue in in order to conduct scientific research more productively.

Traditional knowledge management (TKM) or indigenous knowledge management (IKM) is essential in preserving traditional knowledge through resource and biodiversity management along with bioprospecting putative medicinal plants deemed to have medicinal uses and benefits for knowledge literacy and product development. This study was documented to determine the significance of seminar-workshops on scientific researches in preserving and updating traditional knowledge through bioprospecting thus, strengthening traditional knowledge. Forty-four (44) STEM students and three (3) Science teachers from Mamasapano National High School participated in the seminar-workshop on scientific research trends and techniques. Post evaluation test was administered to assess the response of the students vis-à-vis the significance of seminar-workshops in strengthening traditional knowledge through bioprospecting. Results revealed that all students strongly agreed that the conduct of seminar-workshops is essential in safeguarding traditional knowledge which is nowadays at stake due to modernization. Results further implied the need to conduct more seminar-workshops across the region especially in the indigenous and local communities to preserve the traditional knowledge and to foster inclusive and sustainable education.

Discussion is the exchange of arguments and views related to a particular subject of discussion and the making of judgments arising from such confrontation. Such content has its place in the scientific research report and is behind the results, ahead of the conclusions. This section has its own structure, which depends on the authors who propose and practice it. Regardless of which variant of structure you use, researchers should be aware of such structures and follow selected examples when writing their reports. In this regard, higher education students need training to be able to compile this part of the scientific research report more easily and more quickly, especially for those conducting forestry research.

After presenting the structure of the report on scientific research, it is necessary to become familiar with the order of writing the parts defined in this way. At the same time, it should be noted that the parts are written separately and in a different order from the one in which they are arranged in the final form of the report. It is not expedient and effective to write from the beginning to the end (from the introduction to the appendix) or vice versa. A special problem is the exchange of written parts with the mentor, the text is usually written and submitted in parts, so that while the mentor reads one part, the candidate writes an?other. This significantly speeds up the process of compiling the final version of the report. In this sense, it has been shown in practice that the most practical order of writing is as follows: Results, Methods and Techniques, Discussion, Conclusions, Introduction and Appendices. The list of used literary sources is compiled during those stages of writing where references to sources are allowed and is regularly updated, in accordance with the changes that occur in the text of those parts. At the very end, an extract and key words are written, as well as other additions required by the publisher or university.

The article discloses the problem of distributing state financial support based on an integrated approach. The study has proved the urgency and necessity of state support for the lowest priority territorial units (regions). It answers the research question of what components need to be included in the methodology for determining state financial support. A comprehensive method for estimating the share of public funds is proposed, taking into account the investment attractiveness of a region (oblast) and the risk of the corresponding region (oblast). To achieve this goal, the following general scientific and special methods and research techniques were used in the work, such as comparative analysis of scientific literature and information sources based on methods of comparison, systematization, and generalization; generalization of the analysis results, as well as logical generation of conclusions and integral assessment. Since the problem of financing the construction and reconstruction of bridges is relevant for a number of countries, this technique was tested using an example of bridge construction. According to the obtained results, territorial units (regions) that are not leaders in priority for the investor and have a high level of riskiness of investing financial resources become eligible for state financial support. The problem of financing such regions can be solved only through state support. The results of calculations show that the distribution of financial resources with the available volume of public finances K=1 allocated for support is carried out proportionally. An integrated approach made it possible to identify 10 territorial units (oblasts) for funding, with the oblasts with the worst priority factors receiving the largest share of state financial support. This study is of practical interest to government agencies in the distribution of public funds, and it is of theoretical importance to researchers dealing with issues of financial security and public administration

Purpose. The aim of the article is to study the concept of control and preventive and accompanying measures to improve its resource potential on the example of construction enterprises. Methodology of research. General scientific and specific research methods were used during the article, namely: graphic - to study the concept of resource control in construction; analytical - to analyse the financial resources needed to restore destroyed residential buildings; inductions and deductions - for the study of types of control in national practice; monographic - for researching the scientific works of scientists in this field; prognostic - for the formation of prospects for the development of control as prerequisites for preventive and accompanying measures. Findings. It has been proven that the application of preventive and accompanying measures will improve the system of control over material, technical and financial resources. It is substantiated that the concept of control is quite broad, because it includes the purpose, tasks, objects, subjects, functions, types, methodology and organization of control, which need improvement and have their own specificity in residential construction. It was found that the prospects for improving control are a number of measures related to the organization of documentation, improvement of the internal control system and automation in terms of material, technical and financial resources. Originality. The author substantiated theoretical provisions and developed recommendations for improving the concept of control over material, technical and financial resources for the purpose of effective management of construction projects. Practical value. The author's proposals can be used by construction enterprises, because due to the improvement of the quality of preventive and accompanying control in the practical activities of enterprises, fewer errors will occur when conducting various types of control, management accounting and reporting will improve, and the construction object will be put into operation in a timely manner. Key words: preventive control, accompanying control, housing construction, material and technical resources, financial resources.

At present, the scientific research and innovation team in colleges and universities has become an important carrier for the development of science and technology and personnel training in China, but in terms of its development status, the role of the scientific research and innovation team has not been really brought into play. Most colleges and universities only have the organizational form of scientific research and innovation teams. Too many scientific research tasks still rely on a small number of backbones. The cohesion of the team is not enough, and the combined force of the team is not manifested. In production practice, more and more high-dimensional data with dimension p approaching or even exceeding the number of samples n are collected and stored. Unlike traditional data analysis, high-dimensional data analysis is more complex and difficult. Layer of scientific research and innovation teams in colleges and universities is often ignored by managers, which is manifested by ignoring the cultural construction of the team. In the eyes of team managers, the time spent on building a team culture is far less than the time it takes to do a few more scientific experiments. University scientific research and innovation team is a multi-level network system. The asymptotic and nonasymptotic theories of random matrices break the framework of classical multivariate statistical analysis and are very suitable for the study of statistical characteristics of high-dimensional data, which can help machine learning algorithms to complete the analysis of high-dimensional data and expand its application range. The research and innovation team in colleges and universities is deeply analyzed from the perspective of nonlinearity. It is believed that the scientific research and innovation team in colleges and universities is a complex nonlinear system in terms of scientific research objects-interdisciplinary research, or from the perspective of personnel composition. Correspondingly, the construction should be considered from a nonlinear perspective in the process, following the systematic, integral, and multi-dimensional characteristics of nonlinear systems. Specifically applied to the construction of the team, first, from a macro perspective, three principles should be paid attention to at the beginning of the creation of the team, and then the specific application should be explained in detail. It is hoped that a new perspective will be put forward in the construction of scientific research innovation teams in colleges and universities to better promote the development of teams.

This article attempts to make visible the scientific and epistemological work from Leonardo Da Vinci, which has not been written as it deserves, however we talked more of his paintings, sculptures, and inventions, but of scientific method has not spoken with the strength and depth that reaches his great work. It presents a portrait of the scientific life of the great genius of the Renaissance and reveals its methodological work. The clear intention of this paper is to highlight that the philosophy and the science of Leonardo are unknown by modernity, and according to some authors have been hidden by the art of the great genius. A fascinating journey through scientific studies of this prodigious Renaissance man is. It occurs to Leonardo as a configurating thinker, who saw the painting as a science. Values art and science set in his mind, and his proposal for setting precision and freedom, truth and beauty, and theory and practice. It outlines his scientific method and research techniques, as well as its configurative rationality and his hermeneutical praxis, which achieved a representation of the invisible. Keywords: Leonardo da Vinci, scientific method, Renaissance, epistemology, hermeneutics praxis, configurative rationality, research techniques.

Introduction. Recently, the role of ports in Ukraine has been transformed from a physically strategic gateway to a participant in integrated global supply chains, accompanied by competition in the quality of services. This requires a comprehensive improvement in the performance of the organizational system of ports, in particular, to assess the effectiveness of its activities.Problem Statement. Key performance indicators (KPIs) in the port industry of Ukraine have been developed with changes in the paradigm of ports. The last transformation began with a fundamental transition of the cargo processing process from labor-intensive to capital-intensive, and the growth of world trade and increased inter-port competition have led to a reduction in port monopolies. Increased investment needs and competitive behavior have led to increased private sector participation in the provision of cargo handling services and the subsequent transition from purely state ports to lessor ports (landlord model). For landlord ports, the quality of services determines their competitive position vis-à-vis other ports and intermodal alternatives. Such ports contribute to the quality of services directly through land and water access infrastructure, as well as by providing land suitable for modern loading and unloading operations, regulating the movement of ships and land transport within the port; as well as due to charged port fees and tariffs, including private service providers. This necessitates the expansion of the system of key indicators for measuring port performance (KPI).Purpose. Scientific and methodological substantiation of KPIs system of seaports and development of proposals for their monitoring and reporting (on the example of the Ukrainian Sea Ports Authority (hereinafter — SE «USPA»), taking into account international experience in this field.Materials and methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the work is a set of methods and techniques of scientific research: logical generalization—determining the content of the assessment of the effectiveness of ports; analysis and synthesis - to study the peculiarities of these enterprises, to identify trends in their development in the context of determining the criteria for forming a system of indicators for evaluation; system approach — in determining the elements of the KPI system; statistical methods – to analyze the financial and economic condition of economic entities.Results. The study proposes scientific and methodological principles of forming a system of key indicators for measuring the efficiency of ports of Ukraine, which include: substantiation of criteria, definition of the list of KPIs; determining the stages of the process of their monitoring and reporting (on the example of the activities of USPA, taking into account international experience in this field.Conclusions. The proposed scientific and methodological recommendations for assessing the efficiency of ports with the help of the developed KPI system and the procedure for their application at the enterprise can be applied at state enterprises of the transport and infrastructure sector. The development of communication tools between system developers and those responsible for their implementation in order to increase the efficiency of ports is the subject of further research.Keywords: key perfomance indicators, KPI, criteria, seaport, transport infrastructure