Abstract
The ascomata and mycorrhizae of Tuber indicum s.l. were collected under the forest of broad-leaf species Populus yunnanensis and Quercus pannosa in the field respectively. The symbiotic relationships of both trees with T. indicum were examined and affirmed based on morphology and ITS-rDNA sequences. These two mycorrhizal combinations were successfully produced on artificially controlled substrates and cultural condition. This is the first report of a mycorrhizal association and synthesis between Chinese black truffles and poplars. A hyphal net covering the mantle’s surface of the mycorrhizae was detected in both mycorrhizal combinations. The mycorrhizal colonization of P. yunnanensis and Q. pannosa suggests that T. indicum s.l. has a broader host range and that additional corresponding wood species would be used as candidates for the cultivation of T. indicum. The nuclear-ITS sequences of the mycorrhizae included in the phylogeny of the T. indicum complex revealed that the two clades within the complex do not markedly differ with respect to their preferences for host species or geographical origin. Our results help to explain the wide distribution of both clades of the T. indicum complex. It would be more important for truffle conservation and Chinese black truffle plantation development with these two dominated & alpestrine Populus yunnanensis and Quercus pannosa at subalpine limestone areas in China.
Highlights
The Asian black truffle, Tuber indicum s.l., comprises a species complex that includes T. indicum Cooke & Massee, T. himalayense B
Using blast and ITS sequences from natural mycorrhizae in the NCBI database, we confirmed the symbiotic relationships between T. indicum s.l. and Q. pannosa, Po. yunnanensis, Ca. mollissima, Pi. armandii and Pi. yunnanensis
Sixteen trees are known to be symbiotic with T. indicum s.l
Summary
The Asian black truffle, Tuber indicum s.l., comprises a species complex that includes T. indicum Cooke & Massee, T. himalayense B. Liu and is commercially important both in China and Europe as a result of its introduction to Europe in the 1990s. This commercial importance has motivated a series of studies on the taxonomy and phylogeny of this complex. Because these fungi are ectomycorrhizal, investigations into the symbiotic relationships of the T. indicum complex with trees are of practical and scientific importance. In a previous study that tested the ability of T. indicum s.l. taxa to form mycorrhizae on artificially controlled substrates, eight Chinese trees in the genera Quercus, Cyclobalanopsis, Carpinus, Pinus and Castanea were successfully inoculated with T. indicum s.l. Koch [8] and the European trees Q. pubescens Willd., Q. cerris L., Q. ilex L., Corylus avellana L. and Pi. pinea L. [10]-[13]
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