Contribution of Amniotic Fluid along Gestation to the Prediction of Perinatal Mortality in Women with Early Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes

Abstract

Introduction: To evaluate the largest vertical pocket (LVP) of amniotic fluid as a time-dependent factor to predict perinatal mortality in women with early preterm premature rupture of membranes (EPPROM). Material and Methods: Observational cohort study of singleton pregnancies with EPPROM <24 weeks. Termination of pregnancy (TOP) was considered if the LVP was <2 cm at 7 days. The maternal and neonatal characteristics of ongoing pregnancies were recorded. Prediction of perinatal mortality was estimated based on the influence of the LVP as a time-dependent factor after adjustment for maternal age, prior invasive procedure, and gestational age at EPPROM. Results: Of 104 women, 39 requested TOP. Neonatal survival to discharge was 40%, increasing to 74% if pregnancies achieved 24 weeks. LVP at admission <1 cm, latency to delivery, and gestational age at delivery were independent predictors of perinatal mortality. When evaluating the LVP at different time points of gestation, the highest perinatal mortality risk was established at 2 weeks (odds ratio 14.67, p < 0.001) after membrane rupture, being 5.75 (p = 0.05) the week after and 10.93 (p = 0.037) beyond 2 weeks of EPPROM. Discussion: When LVP measurement, gestational age at EPPROM, maternal age, and prior invasive procedure were considered, we found that the worst prognosis related to perinatal mortality was at 2 weeks after EPPROM.