Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), a cytokine produced by mononuclear phagocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation, is a potent mediator of the inflammatory cascade. However, the immunomodulatory signals regulating TNF expression in the host are poorly defined. Recently, metabolites of the prostaglandin E series have been shown to inhibit TNF production in vitro. In order to determine if PGE 1 alters TNF activity in vivo, rats were given misoprostol, a synthetic PGE 1 analogue, or saline by gavage and subsequently challenged with either intravenous or intratracheal Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. These in vivo data show that PGE 1 is a potent inhibitor of TNF production by systematic mononuclear phagocytes. In contrast, alveolar macrophages appear to be refractory to misoprostol's suppressive effects on LPS-induced TNF. This study supports in vitro observations that mononuclear phagocytes within different compartments exhibit differential responsiveness to immunomodulators.
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