Continuous recognition memory for spoken words in noise

Abstract

Previous research has shown that talker variability affects recognition memory for spoken words [Palmeri et al., (1993)]. This study examines whether additive noise is similarly retained in memory for spoken words. In a continuous recognition memory task, participants listened to a list of spoken words mixed with noise consisting of a pure tone or of high-pass filtered white noise. The noise and speech were in non-overlapping frequency bands. In experiment 1, listeners indicated whether each spoken word in the list was “old” (heard before in the list) or “new.” Results showed that listeners were as accurate and as fast at recognizing a word as old if it was repeated with the same or different noise. In experiment 2, listeners also indicated whether words judged as “old” were repeated with the same or with a different type of noise. Results showed that listeners benefitted from hearing words presented with the same versus different noise. These data suggest that spoken words and temporally overlapping but spectrally non-overlapping noise are retained or reconstructed together for explicit, but not for implicit recognition memory. This indicates that the extent to which noise variability is retained seems to depend on the depth of processing.