Abstract
Introduction: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems were primarily developed for patients with diabetes mellitus. However, these systems are increasingly being used by individuals who do not have diabetes mellitus. This mini review describes possible applications of CGM systems in healthy adults in health care, wellness, and sports. Results: CGM systems can be used for early detection of abnormal glucose regulation. Learning from CGM data how the intake of foods with different glycemic loads and physical activity affect glucose responses can be helpful in improving nutritional and/or physical activity behavior. Furthermore, states of stress that affect glucose dynamics could be made visible. Physical performance and/or regeneration can be improved as CGM systems can provide information on glucose values and dynamics that may help optimize nutritional strategies pre-, during, and post-exercise. Conclusions: CGM has a high potential for health benefits and self-optimization. More scientific studies are needed to improve the interpretation of CGM data. The interaction with other wearables and combined data collection and analysis in one single device would contribute to developing more precise recommendations for users.
Highlights
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems were primarily developed for patients with diabetes mellitus
Glucose meters and dry reagent test strips are primarily used for self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), both of which have a lower accuracy than the laboratory methods [3]
The results showed that the time in range (TIR) from 70 to 140 mg/dL for this population group (n = 153) was 96%, and the mean 24 h glucose was 99 ± 7 mg/dL (5.5 ± 0.4 mmol/L)
Summary
Regular blood glucose monitoring is a daily and lifelong task required for people with diabetes mellitus to manage their disease and prevent complications [1]. Glucose meters and dry reagent test strips are primarily used for self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), both of which have a lower accuracy than the laboratory methods [3]. They only require a small drop of blood for the measurement [4]. For more in-depth information on how these factors can affect glucose dynamics and on limits of CGM data interpretation, please see existing reviews on this topic [25,26] Due to their simple application and continuous recording of glucose values, CGM systems are attracting increasing attention from healthy, nondiabetic individuals and from medical research. Current challenges and research interests are identified and future prospects addressed
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