Contextual Effect of School on Nutrition Intake to Prevent Anemia Among Female Adolescents in Yogyakarta

Abstract

Background: Inadequate nutritional intake can affect the body condition of young women, one of effects is increasing the incidence of anemia. The Health Belief Model theory can determine how a person will behave in deter­mining the nutritional intake consumed every day, especially foods that can prevent anemia. This study aimed to determine the effect of the iron-supplemented program, intra­personal and social factors on nutritional intake for anemia prevention among female adolescents in high school in Yogyakarta. Subjects and Method: This study was an observational analytic study with a cohort retrospective approach. The sample was select­ed by purposive sampling with a sample size of 120 study subjects. Data were analyzed using multilevel linear regression analysis with the Stata 16 program. Results: Nutritional intake for anemia pre­vention in female adolescents has increased with the iron supplement program (b= 0.24; 95% CI= 0.15 to 0.32; p<0.001), high family income (b= 0.16; 95% CI= 0.07 to 0.24; p= 0.001), high perceived susceptibility (b= 0.11; 95% CI= 0.02 to 0.20; p= 0.012), high per­ceived seriousness (b= 0.66; 95% CI= 0.56 to 0.76; p<0.001), and high perceived benefit (b= 0.23; 95% CI= 0.13 to 0.33; p<0.001). Nutri­tio­nal intake for the prevention of anemia among adolescent decreased with high perceived barrier (b= -0.09; 95% CI= -0.17 to -0.01; p= 0.040). There was no contextual effect of school on nutritional intake for anemia prevention among female adolescent (ICC=4.57%). Conclusion: There was an effect of the blood-supplemented program, family income, and the Health Belief Model construct (perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefits and perceived barriers) on nutritional intake for anemia prevention among female adolescent. There was no contextual effect of school on nutritional intake for anemia prevention among female adolescent. Keywords: iron supplements, anemia, Health Belief Model Correspondence: Ailsa Clarissa Cynara. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: ailsaclarissacynara@student.­uns.ac.id. 082230233293. Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2020), 05(05): 490-499 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2020.05.05.04.