Abstract
Road traffic accidents can be reduced by providing early warning to drivers through wireless ad hoc networks. When a vehicle detects an event that may lead to an imminent accident, the vehicle disseminates emergency messages to alert other vehicles that may be endangered by the accident. In many existing broadcast-based dissemination schemes, emergency messages may be sent to a large number of vehicles in the area and can be propagated to only one direction. This paper presents a more efficient context-aware multicast protocol that disseminates messages only to endangered vehicles that may be affected by the emergency event. The endangered vehicles can be identified by calculating the interaction among vehicles based on their motion properties. To ensure fast delivery, the dissemination follows a routing path obtained by computing a minimum delay tree. The multicast protocol uses a generalized approach that can support any arbitrary road topology. The performance of the multicast protocol is compared with existing broadcast protocols by simulating chain collision accidents on a typical highway. Simulation results show that the multicast protocol outperforms the other protocols in terms of reliability, efficiency, and latency.
Highlights
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are wireless ad hoc networks operating in a vehicular environment that involves communication between vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-roadside infrastructure (V2I)
It shows that the number of sent messages for the Context-aware multicast routing for ESM dissemination (CMED) protocol is just slightly lower than for the EMDV protocol
Both the CMED and EMDV protocols send significantly fewer messages compared to the Intelligent Broadcast with Implicit Acknowledgment (IBIA) protocol
Summary
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are wireless ad hoc networks operating in a vehicular environment that involves communication between vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-roadside infrastructure (V2I). The deployment of VANET is feasible in the near future due to rapid advances in wireless communication technologies, the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN. The most potential technology that can provide robust and reliable V2V and V2I communication is most likely will be based on the IEEE 802.11p standard [1] and the IEEE 1609 Family of Standards for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) [2]. The most prominent safety application that aims to reduce the number of traffic accidents is a cooperative collision warning system (CCWS). A CCWS works by having vehicles exchange safety messages using V2V communication to detect any possible collision and warn the drivers . Several concepts and prototypes of CCWSs have been proposed and developed [3,4,5,6], demonstrating the technical feasibility of CCWS
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