Context and Meaning in Acts of Translation and Interpretation.

Background Previous research has suggested that severity of intellectual disability (ID) and topography of behaviour may influence staff causal attributions regarding challenging behaviour. Subsequently, these causal attributions may influence helping behaviours. This study investigated the relationship between attributions of control over challenging behaviour and individual and organizational factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey using a between-subjects natural groups design was employed. Care staff and managers completed measures to examine the relationship between staff attributions of control over challenging behaviour and client-related variables, staff-related variables and functioning of the organization. Results Staff attributed challenging behaviour as being less under personal control if the organization was of better quality. Staff attributions of control over challenging behaviours were lower if staff displayed positive attitudes towards the client, the physical and social environment was appropriate and the overall approach to delivering care seemed well-structured. There was no relationship between staff attributions of control and ability of the individual or the overall level of challenging behaviour. However, with respect to specific topographies (i.e. physically aggressive and self-injurious behaviour) there were different profiles of causal attributions made. Discussion Organizational factors, staff behaviour and the topography of challenging behaviour can each influence the attributions of control that staff make. Any interventions that seek to increase the helping behaviour of staff through manipulation of the attributions that they make need to consider both individual factors (topography of behaviour) and environmental factors (staff behaviour and the quality of the service and organization).

A nested bitemporal relational data model and its query language are implemented. The bitemporal atom (BTA) is the fundamental construct to represent temporal data and it contains 5 components: a value, the lower and upper bounds of valid time, and the lower and upper bounds of the recoding time. We consider 2 types of data structures for storing BTAs: 1) string representation and 2) abstract data-type representation. We also develop a preprocessor for translating a bitemporal structured query language (BtSQL) statement into standard SQL statements. The BtSQL includes the select, insert, delete, and update statements of the SQL, extended for bitemporal relational databases. It supports bitemporal, historical, and current context. Bitemporal context is for auditing purposes, historical context is for querying past states of a bitemporal database, and current context is for querying the snapshot state of a bitemporal database. We also evaluate the performance of the 2 alternative implementation methods by considering retrieval, insertion, and update queries.

This study aims to examine the meaning and purpose of the command to wear hijab in Surah Al-Ahzab verse 59, focusing on the function of hijab as a form of protection and identity for Muslim women. This research is a library research with a qualitative approach. Data was collected through an in-depth study of classical and contemporary interpretive literature, as well as relevant Islamic sources such as hadiths, scholarly works, and related scientific articles. The data analysis technique used is content analysis, which focuses on interpreting the text contextually and historically to explore the substantive meaning of the verse. To maintain the validity of the data, source triangulation is carried out, interpretation validation through comparison between interpretations, and checking the compatibility of meaning in the current social context. interpretation, increase awareness of Islamic values in dressing, and encourage the creation of just social harmony. The results of the study show that there is a narrowing of the meaning of the term hijab, which is often understood only as a head covering or a certain form of clothing, while the main message of the verse is politeness and social protection. In the current context, the hijab remains relevant as a symbol of obedience, respect, and protection from objectification. By understanding the historical and social context of this verse, this research seeks to bridge differences in interpretation, increase awareness of Islamic values in dress, and encourage the creation of just social harmony.

Personalized auxiliary service is an important profit source for airlines. Considering massive passengers’ online and offline travelling context data, the traditional collaborative filtering (CF) algorithm has low accuracy in auxiliary service recommending. This paper adds real-time travel context factors to passenger auxiliary service preference modelling, using five-dimensional data sets to construct a context-aware aviation auxiliary service recommendation model. Aiming to solve the Cold Start and data sparsity, the paper proposes a context-aware recommendation method which calculating similarity between the current context and historical context other than passenger’s reviews on services. And recommends the target passenger top-N auxiliary service items that under historical similar travel context. Finally, the experimental simulation method is used to evaluate the recommended effect and accuracy of the recommendation system. The result shows that the context-aware recommendation method is higher accurate in personalized aviation auxiliary services recommending.

Youth Exposure to Gender-Based Violence

Aim. The purpose of this study is to analyse how the spiritual values of sport evolved over time, from antiquity to the present. Religion and sport are interdependent in different social and historical contexts. The terms meanings over time are different and fine context differentiation is required. Methodology. Research is based on participatory observation, document study and meta-analysis. Results. From ancient times, sport was a way of venerating the gods, a way of expressing corporality, a means of expressing spirituality. In the current social context sport is not religious but personal and it is a means of social recognition by venerating the winners. In a political context, the great leaders politicized the games transferring the glory and grandeur of the games to their personal worship. In the Christian Age,the values of sport ashygiene, corporality, physical beauty displayed were replaced by new ideology with obedience, religious manipulation and obscurantism. In these conditions, sport and physical manifestations took place in a useful utility form: work, military training, horse and water transport, etc. Conclusions. In a historical and social context, sport has moved from a component of gods’ veneration rituals, expression of corporality and social representation, to a phenomenon of great magnitude, without religious valences and with great economic and social impact.

The culture of wine in Mexican gastronomy: Historical background, current context, and perspectives for the future

This article frames the special issue by offering a broad reflection on the historical development of ideas that have informed debates concerning intermediality and its pedagogical contexts. It opens with a brief articulation of media and intermedial theory to inform the debate. The challenges of contemporary media hybridity are then set within an historical context by tracing the origins of current (perceived) knowledge dichotomies and hierarchies into the philosophical canons of Western antiquity. In examining distinctions between the different types of knowledge and expression that form the constituent parts of contemporary intermedial theatres, the article considers philosophical debates, traces historical trajectories and probes social dynamics from Aristotle to the present. Moving on to the current historical and social context of intermedial practice and pedagogy, the article examines specific challenges and opportunities that emerge from our own intermedial age. This multifaceted and trans-historical approach leads the authors to suggest that old hierarchical and divisional structures impact upon contemporary practices, affecting how those are perceived, received and valued.

The article explores the contributions of M. Heidegger and H.-G. Gadamer to the foundations of hermeneutic interpretation of art. The purpose of the research is to reveal the commonalities and differences in the philosophical approaches to the interpretation of artworks in the hermeneutic aesthetics of M. Heidegger and H.-G. Gadamer. The methods used in the article include: hermeneutic analysis, comparative and textual analysis, and critical discussion. Heidegger views art as a fundamental means of revealing truth and the world, asserting that it opens up a space where the essence of being is disclosed. For him, works of art are not mere representations, but they actively shape our understanding of existence by bringing hidden truths into the open. Gadamer, on the other hand, emphasizes the importance of the interpreter’s role in the process of understanding art. He argues that the act of interpretation is always situated within historical and cultural contexts, with the “prejudices” of the interpreter influencing how a work is understood. Unlike Heidegger, who focuses on the event of truth unfolding within art, H.-G. Gadamer sees art as a dialogue between the past and present, where meaning is negotiated through engagement with the artwork. Both philosophers reject the notion that art is merely about beauty or enjoyment, instead positioning it as a process through which truth is revealed and understood. The study concludes that while both M. Heidegger and H.-G. Gadamer emphasize the ontological dimension of art, their views diverge in terms of the role of the interpreter and the temporality of the art experience. For M. Heidegger, the work of art reveals the truth in a singular, almost event-like occurrence, where the essence of being is disclosed through the artwork itself. The focus is on the “happening” of truth, and the spectator’s role is more passive, as a witness to this disclosure of truth. In contrast, H.-G. Gadamer sees the interpreter as an active participant in the process of understanding, where the act of interpretation is shaped by the historical and cultural, as well as the personal interpreter’s traditions. The meaning of art, for H.-G. Gadamer, unfolds in a continuous dialogue between the artwork and the interpreter, reflecting the temporality of historical consciousness. In this way, the artwork is not a static entity but a dynamic process, where understanding evolves over time through interaction with the work.

Este artigo foi produzido com a finalidade, de se compreender, em um contexto histórico e atual, a participação da mulher na manutenção de atividades artesanais têxteis. Para tal, esta pesquisa se caracteriza como de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo descritivo-exploratório, pautando-se em dados bibliográficos. O marco teórico da pesquisa é constituído de autores que estabelecem suas discussões ao redor da categoria trabalho e que apresentam a dualidade existente na inserção do contingente feminino nesse campo. Ademais, utiliza-se de autores que analisam a produção artesanal doméstica no cotidiano da mulher em uma perspectiva social e econômica e auxiliam na compreensão do contexto histórico relativo ao trabalho feminino, essencialmente com o artesanato, apontando as possibilidades de potencialização de seus trabalhos por meio da inserção de artesãs em entidades de economia solidária. Em relação aos principais resultados, destaca-se que as mulheres sempre trabalharam e que o artesanato está presente em seu cotidiano por muito tempo, seja por se tratar de uma atribuição que lhe fora designada – através de uma construção social que atribuí à mulher uma função reprodutiva e de manutenção do espaço doméstico – ou por se tratar de uma opção para adquirir renda. O trabalho artesanal realizado por mulheres em seus domicílios faz com que estas enfrentem situações dificultosas através da articulação do trabalho remunerado e da manutenção do espaço doméstico, sendo a inserção de artesãs em entidades de economia solidária, entendida como uma forma que pode auxiliar o trabalho dessas mulheres.

Temporal attention has demonstrated its crucial role with regard to modelling the relationships between semantic queries and image regions in current image captioning task. Nevertheless, most existing attention-based methods ignore the potential effect of the previously attended information on the generation of current attention context. In this paper, we propose a simple but effective Context-Assisted Attention (CA $$^2$$ ) for image captioning, which considers the temporal coherence of the attention contexts in the process of sequence prediction. Specifically, CA $$^2$$ combines the attention contexts from previous time steps with the features of image regions to serve as the input key-value pairs of the attention module for current context generation, which enables the sentence decoder to not only attend to the image regions by tradition but also focus on the historical attention contexts when necessary. Furthermore, we present a regularization method tailored to our CA $$^2$$ , namely Weight Transferring Constraint (WTC), to restrict the total weight assigned to the historical contexts in each decoding step. Experiments on the popular MS COCO dataset demonstrate that our method consistently improves LSTM-based baselines and achieves a competitive performance with 38.7 BLEU-4 and 128.5 CIDEr-D scores.

Based on analysis of mobile tourism users' multi-dimensional feature, the concept of context is introduced into user model modeling of mobile tourism. From the perspective of user and context, context theory and machine learning is used to accomplish user modeling in terms of tourism activities recommendation. The dimension of this model includes history behavior, current context, historical context and demographic factor. The problems of new user and similar recommendation and lack of weight are settled in this paper. According to the impact of multi dimension to user preference, user preference interfering is used to acquire user preference to accomplish multi-dimensional user model based on context model to contribute to improvement of traditional e-tourism recommendation and personalization and adaptability of platform.

Declining growth rates and rising unemployment as well as socio-economic inequalities signalled the crisis of globalisation. Dissent around socio-economic inequalities and austerity measures was articulated by far-right political parties and populist leaders coupled with the rise of anti-immigrant and xenophobic political parties. Within this historical context, this chapter has two concerns. First, how do mainstream and critical approaches within the discipline of International Political Economy explicate double crises of liberalism (economic liberalism and political liberalism) and rise of populism and far-right politics. It then aims to uncover what these approaches anticipate for future prospects of globalisation and which kind of strategies they put forward to overcome the crises. Second, the chapter then aspires to study to what extent there is retreat from globalisation and a rising trend of isolationism through debating continuity and change in terms of foreign direct investment and international trade after 2007–2008 crisis. Is it possible to observe change in the flow of foreign direct investment and internationalisation/transnationalisation of production? Are economies moving towards protectionism? What happens to multilateral and bilateral trade agreements after the failure of Doha talks? In a nutshell, is there a retreat from globalisation or is it simply populism and/or post-truth society that the world is going through under the current context?

The purpose of this text is to reflect on the languages ​​of cinema used to build fear in videos shared on digital media. The historical context of 2020 marked the history of health in the world, just as the technical context made it possible to produce and share news about it. In the same way that cinema hides audiovisual marks seeking the experiences of reality in its fictions, some videos produced in this period by social actors and shared on digital media present these logics in their documentary records.These videos are presented as fragments of the story within the current context, shared and re-shared as if they were real records, but which become visual fragments of a reality constructed when denied and called fake news. An example of this is the video shared at the beginning of the pandemic in Brazil, as a record of the death of a person at the Hospital da Santa Casa de Curitiba. This video shows the record of two people dressed in special disease protection suits carrying a stretcher with a black bag on top. In this case, there is a scene related to films about epidemiological diseases, where some logic of the cinema is perceived, which searches the social imaginary for fear related to fiction stories in relation to the world historical context. In this sense, it investigates the construction of fictional narratives presented in false news and how cinema contributes to the construction of fear.

The Library of the Museum of Modern Art in New York has been an institution of record for artists' publications for the last forty years. Through its artists' books collection, the library has traced the various ways in which artists have used printed matter as an integral aspect of their practice. In the present context, as publishing now takes place in digital spheres of social media, personal websites and email correspondence as well as in print, the library must constantly reconsider how it “collects” across these media. The surprise of our current context is the degree that digital networks, image exchange, etc. are feeding into an increased output of printed artists’ books, magazines and little architecture and design publications. Such web-to-print artists’ books can be considered ‘hybrid’ publications that exist between online and offline spaces. Following Paul Soulellis, we argue that these artists ‘perform publishing’ by investigating multiple materialities and design possibilities as their works travel through the network. We situate web-to-print artists’ publishing in a historical context while offering a vocabulary for the new ways that artists are activating and appropriating, screen-grabbing and searching, the mass of verbal and visual information on the Internet. Notable web-to-print publications by Dexter Sinister, Paul Soulellis, Sabrina Fernandez Casas, David Horvitz and others illuminate the aesthetics and tactics of this genre. Finally, we propose that collaborations between art librarians and web archivists might adequately preserve these hybrid works.