Content analysis of the future of Filipiniana collection access via controlled digital lending

PurposeThis study reviews the literature on shadow and gig economy models to highlight their effects on entrepreneurship and business development in emerging markets. In particular, it examines how these models create opportunities for income generation and employment while operating outside formal regulatory frameworks and also assesses the regulatory and socio-economic factors that influence their success.Design/methodology/approachUsing a systematic literature review (SLR) following the PRISMA protocol, 33 relevant and impactful articles published between 2000 and 2024 were analysed. The study synthesises findings on shadow and gig economy practices to answer key research questions about their role in fostering entrepreneurship and innovation.FindingsThe results reveal three key findings. First, the models of the gig and shadow economies encourage economic participation and entrepreneurial innovation, especially among underrepresented groups, but they also present difficulties like job insecurity and unofficial working conditions. The success of these models is also greatly influenced by socio-economic and regulatory factors, with adaptive frameworks enhancing worker protection and innovation. Third, measures like collective efforts, investments in digital infrastructure and flexible regulations are essential for both economic models to grow sustainably.Practical implicationsPolicymakers and stakeholders should create clear regulatory frameworks that protect workers’ rights while promoting business innovation. Investments in technology, digital infrastructure and inclusive skills development can improve participation and productivity. Collaborative initiatives are critical for mitigating risks and ensuring ethical practices in the shadow and gig economies.Originality/valueUnlike previous conceptual and theoretical studies, this study offers new perspectives through a clear conceptual framework that explains the dual role in entrepreneurship and business development. It also provides useful information for scholars and policymakers in emerging markets.

Over the past decade many developments have taken place in the field of automation of cars, trucks and public transport. The penetration rate of Level 2 partially automated vehicles in mixed traffic is increasing, Level 3 conditional automation is now supported by legislation, and different experimental and commercial applications of Level 4 high automation in mixed traffic exist. This shows that automated driving developments should be considered when making decisions about investments in physical and digital infrastructure. However, there are still many uncertainties regarding future penetration rates, the level of connectivity, the operational design domain, and the expected impacts of automated driving. This paper proposes four scenarios for automated driving developments in the Netherlands in 2040 and 2060: 1) Late transition, 2) Automated vehicles on main roads, 3) Car-topia, and 4) Share-topia. To derive these scenarios, a new “switchboard” method is introduced in which multiple driving forces for automated driving can be varied. The main driving forces were identified based on expert surveys. For each scenario, a modelling approach is used to compute the impact of automated driving on vehicle kilometres driven and congestion. The switchboard method offered more flexibility than existing scenario methods. The model-based impact assessment provided more conservative and probably more accurate insights into the expected impacts of automated driving on vehicle kilometres driven and congestion than expert estimates from the literature. The results show that in all scenarios automation leads to an increase in the number of trips, vehicle kilometres driven and congestion. In the scenarios with autonomous vehicles, congestion is expected to increase up to 17%. The higher the penetration rates of connected automated vehicles, the smaller the increase in congestion (1.5% -11%). The results indicate that investments in digital infrastructure are needed to prevent capacity reduction due to autonomous driving. The scenarios “car-topia” and “share-topia” may require additional physical infrastructure on motorways and regional roads.

Background/Objectives: Digital transformation is reshaping dentistry by improving clinical efficiency, diagnostic accuracy, and patient care. However, the adoption of digital technologies in dental clinics varies widely, influenced by multiple factors, including technology readiness. This study aimed to assess the relationship between technology readiness and digital technology adoption among German dentists, focusing on the impact of clinic characteristics and professional development. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 licensed German dentists. Technology readiness was measured using the validated Technology Readiness Index (TRI 2.0), encompassing four dimensions: optimism, innovativeness, discomfort, and insecurity. Data on the current use of digital technologies were collected, including digital radiography, CAD/CAM systems, AI-supported tools, and patient management solutions. Statistical analyses included correlation and quartile-based comparisons to identify patterns and significant associations. Results: Clinics with higher TRI scores demonstrated significantly greater adoption of digital technologies. Larger clinics (MVZs) showed higher levels of digital integration compared to solo practices. Younger dentists and those engaged in continuous professional development exhibited higher technology readiness and usage of advanced digital tools. No significant gender-based differences were identified in technology readiness or digital adoption. While basic technologies like digital radiography and CAD/CAM systems were widely used, AI-based diagnostics and 3D printing remained underutilized. Key barriers included financial constraints and limited training opportunities. Conclusions: Technology readiness plays a critical role in shaping digital adoption in dental clinics. The findings highlight the need for targeted support, especially for smaller clinics, through professional training and investment in digital infrastructure. This study contributes to a better understanding of digital transformation in dentistry and supports strategies aligned with global health goals to improve access to digital care.

With the rapid development of the Internet and digital technology, digital infrastructure has become an important part of urban infrastructure. Many cities are enacting smart policies to promote the development of digital technology infrastructure. However, what are their mechanisms? There is currently a shortage of literature on the subject. This paper tried to solve this problem and used China as an example. Using panel data from cities in China, this paper used the spatial multiple-period difference-in-difference (SDID) method to investigate the impact of smart city policy (SCP) on digital infrastructure. First, we found that SCP significantly promotes the construction of digital infrastructure, with strong positive spatial spillover effects. This result remained valid after a series of rigorous robustness tests. Second, we discovered that the indirect effects of policy implementation outweigh the direct effects. Furthermore, smart city development enhances local government investment in digital infrastructure, attracts more high-tech enterprises, and consequently drives improvements in urban digital infrastructure levels. Lastly, we observed that the effectiveness of smart city policies is stronger in cities with good fiscal conditions, strong economic development, and a thriving digital economy. This research will not only enrich research on smart cities but also provide policy recommendations for strengthening digital infrastructure.

Labor economics, a cornerstone of modern economic research, examines the dynamics of labor markets, including supply and demand, wage determination, and employment levels. In the digital era, this field has gained unprecedented importance as technological advancements reshape traditional labor models. Digital transformation enhances productivity and operational efficiency but also disrupts employment structures, skill requirements, and wage distribution across industries. The digital economy presents both opportunities and challenges. While it can boost wages and reduce income inequality through productivity gains, it also demands new skills and flexible employment models, potentially leading to structural labor market shifts. Automation and artificial intelligence (AI) are displacing low-skilled workers in sectors like manufacturing and retail while creating opportunities in high-skilled areas such as data analysis, software development, and digital marketing. This shift underscores the need for continuous upskilling and investments in human capital. Remote work and the gig economy have emerged as dominant trends, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. By 2025, an estimated 22% of the U.S. workforce will work remotely, with hybrid models becoming the norm. The gig economy, encompassing freelancing and contract work, is also expanding, with 36% of U.S. workers participating in 2024. While these trends offer flexibility, they also raise concerns about job stability, social protection, and work-life balance. Trade unions face new challenges in adapting to the digital economy. The rise of automation and gig work complicates traditional unionization efforts, but unions are leveraging digital tools to organize workers, advocate for data rights, and promote fair labor practices. Initiatives like digital skills training and tailored benefits for gig workers are helping unions remain relevant in a rapidly changing labor landscape. Income inequality remains a pressing issue, as the digital economy disproportionately benefits high-skilled workers and platform owners. Bridging the digital divide and ensuring equitable access to technology and education are critical for reducing disparities. Policymakers must implement redistributive fiscal policies, support small and medium-sized enterprises, and invest in digital infrastructure to promote inclusive growth. In conclusion, the digital economy is reshaping labor markets, creating both opportunities and challenges. Addressing these changes requires a comprehensive approach, including investments in education, social protection, and digital infrastructure. By fostering adaptability and inclusivity, stakeholders can navigate the complexities of the digital era and ensure sustainable economic growth.

The research is about the role of state regulation in development of Ukraine’s IT sector, and about optimization strategies and policy recommendations. The study explains the problem of inconsistent regulatory impacts on the IT sector growth which is worsened by bureaucratic barriers, compliance costs and instability of policies. The research employs panel data drawn from 2020 to 2024 in order to determine the effect of tax incentives, financial assistance, compliance costs, regulatory quality, digital infrastructure and educational investment on IT sector growth and efficiency. The paper utilizes results from the fixed effects, random effects, and generalized method of moments econometric models and results are robust with respect to sensitivity analysis using diagnostic tests, to explore the link between state regulation and IT sector performance. This suggests that improved tax incentives and financial support creates better environment for IT sector growth, while reduced compliance costs and better quality of regulation helps achieve better operational efficiencies. Furthermore, investments in digital infrastructure as well as education enhance innovation and productivity. It is shown that the growth of the IT sector was influenced by moving tax incentives from 2,5 billion UAH in 2020 to 4,5 billion UAH in 2024, which led to an increase in the annual growth rate from 7,2% to 11,2%. Financial support also grew from 1,2 billion UAH up to 2,3 billion UAH, thus supporting the startup innovation and expansion. Moreover, lower compliance costs, decreased from 4,5% to 3,6%, increased operational efficiency, and the Regulation Quality Index rose from 3,2 to 4,3 and helped create a more business friendly environment. Further enabling innovation capacity and productivity was digital infrastructure and IT education simply growing from 0,8 billion UAH to 1,2 billion UAH. It also discusses how stable policy enables long term strategic planning from an investor’s perspective and how it builds investor confidence. Based on the implications of this research, policy recommendations are formulated on three evidence-based dimensions: optimizing tax incentives, increasing financial support, and reducing compliance costs; while on the other hand investing in digital infrastructure and IT education. The paper concludes that Ukraine's IT sector has a sustainable growth and global competitiveness, however, such a rate is possible provided there is a stable policy environment and strategic state regulations. This study also contributes to academic discourse on state regulation in digital economy through widening the scope of applied research and suggests further practical approaches for the industry stakeholders and state policy makers.

Universities have been formed in the era of communication through the «printed text», and the digital revolution taking place in the world in the last decades creates new opportunities and challenges for them. Digital technologies form a fundamentally new basis for the production, storage and transmission of knowledge; they lead to a profound transformation of all types of communication, content and organization of thinking and activity. In order to manage higher education development in Russia, it is important to understand 1) which place digitalization has among development priorities of universities, 2) whether their strategies produce the leadership in production and use of modern digital technologies or there is a risk that universities will become outsiders in this field. The article presents the results of a large-scale expert survey (1481 experts from 65 universities) on the prospects and priorities of the development of universities in Russia. Key research questions are: 1) which place digitalization takes among other large-scale changes («trends») topical for the modern university; 2) which place «digital challenge» occupies among other challenges? 3) do the actual priorities of Russian universities management reflect the significance of the «digital challenge»? According to the survey, the «total digitalization» of the economy and society will be the key trend in the period until 2035. Consequently, the «digitalization challenge» (the need to move towards the large-scale use of digital technologies in education and university management) will be the most significant one for universities. The experts believe that investment in digital infrastructure should feature prominently in the system of development priorities and have quick impact. However, the survey shows a certain gap between the «due» (according to the experts) and the actual structure of the priorities for the development of Russian universities. The main trend of changes and the challenge for universities is «digitalization», while among the actual priorities of investment in development, «PR and promotion of the university», «cooperation with the Ministry of Education and Science and federal agencies» are at the first positions, and investment in digital infrastructure is only at the third position. Even lower is the actual priority of such important areas of investment as the motivation of teachers and students («investment in activity»); international cooperation; cooperation with business; educational technology of the new generation; attraction of «new students»; attraction of «new personnel»; starting the exploratory research; support for scientific schools. Among the various elements of higher education reform in Russia, the «digitization» of the educational process is viewed by experts as the most promising direction, which is already showing its effectiveness. The survey results show the need for amending the strategic priorities of Russian universities. While maintaining a high priority of investment in digital technologies, it is necessary to raise the priority of investment in human capital, i. e. in «new personnel» (leading scientists, practitioners with unique experience, talented young scientists and teachers, etc.), stimulating the initiative of teachers, staff and students and their involvement in development process.

Purpose: This study examines how technological innovation influences national resilience, stability, and security in Indonesia. It focuses on cybersecurity, digital infrastructure, and renewable energy as key factors in strengthening national unity and mitigating internal and external threats. The study also explores how technological pride fosters social cohesion and enhances Indonesia’s role as a regional technology leader in ASEAN. Design/Methodology/Approach: A qualitative research approach is used, analyzing secondary data from government reports, policy documents, academic literature, and media sources. Thematic analysis identifies patterns in technological innovation, national security, and public confidence. A case study approach examines Indonesia’s cybersecurity strategies, digital transformation policies, and renewable energy initiatives. Triangulation is applied to ensure data validity and reliability. Findings: Findings show that technological pride strengthens public confidence, particularly in times of crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Investment in digital infrastructure and cybersecurity enhances national security by reducing cyber threats. Progress in renewable energy supports energy independence, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Indonesia’s technological leadership in ASEAN also fosters regional security cooperation, particularly in cybersecurity and energy security. Originality/Value: This study provides a comprehensive perspective on the intersection of technological advancement, national resilience, and security, an area that remains underexplored in Indonesia. Unlike previous studies focusing on cybersecurity or energy separately, this research links these aspects to national stability and geopolitical influence. The findings offer practical insights for policymakers and security agencies, emphasizing the need for sustained investment in innovation, digital literacy, and strategic collaboration to maintain Indonesia’s long-term technological resilience and security.

PurposeThis study evaluates the role of digital infrastructure and policy initiatives in Malaysia’s economic growth, focusing on the Digital Economy Performance Indicator (DEPI) from 2017 to 2021.Design/methodology/approachThrough the implementation of national initiatives like the Digital Free Trade Zone (DFTZ) and the National Fiberisation and Connectivity Plan (NFCP), Malaysia has emphasized the importance of digital transformation for economic resilience and global competitiveness. The DEPI framework assesses key dimensions—connectivity, affordability, infrastructure, human capital, and digital technology integration—using the entropy weight coefficient method to ensure objectivity.FindingsFindings suggest that while Malaysia has made notable progress in digital connectivity and infrastructure, challenges persist in affordability, especially in rural areas. The development of human capital, particularly digital literacy, also remains crucial for long-term sustainability.Practical implicationsThe research concludes that further investment in digital infrastructure and skills development is essential for Malaysia to thrive in the global digital landscape.Originality/valueThis study offers insights for policymakers to address the digital divide and foster a more inclusive and competitive digital economy.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-10-2024-0826

The Indian manufacturing sector is undergoing a significant transformation with the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies, reshaping traditional supply chain models into more agile, data-driven, and intelligent systems. This thesis investigates the impact of digital transformation on Indian manufacturing supply chains by examining the adoption of technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data Analytics, and Cyber-Physical Systems. Through the analysis of primary and secondary data from various Indian manufacturing firms, thestudy explores the drivers, challenges, and outcomes associated with digital adoption. The research highlights how digital initiatives enhance operational efficiency, reduce lead times, and improve decision-making capabilities across the supply chain. Additionally, it identifies gaps in technological readiness and workforce capabilities that hinder the full-scale implementation of Industry 4.0. The findings suggest that a strategic roadmap involving investment in digital infrastructure, employee training, and policy support is essential for accelerating the digital transformation of supply chains in India. This thesis contributes to both academic literature and industrial practices by offering actionable insights into the future of manufacturing in a digitally connected ecosystem. Keywords Industry 4.0, Digital Transformation, Indian Manufacturing, Supply Chain Management, IoT, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data Analytics, Cyber-Physical Systems, Smart Manufacturing, Operational Efficiency

The article focuses on analyzing the influence of blockchain technology on traditional financial systems, highlighting macroeconomic, institutional, and technological dimensions. The relevance of the work is due to global digitalization and growing interest in decentralized financial solutions that open up new opportunities to improve the efficiency, transparency and accessibility of financial services. The purpose of the study is to comprehensively assess the impact of blockchain on the financial infrastructure, identify key challenges and develop strategies to optimize its implementation. The work uses modern methods of analysis. The results of the study show that blockchain contributes to a significant reduction in transaction costs, acceleration of settlements and increased transparency of financial transactions. However, its implementation is associated with a number of risks, such as regulatory uncertainty, cyber threats and technological limitations, including high energy consumption and scalability issues. Particular attention is paid to a comparative analysis of the implementation of blockchain technologies in various countries, including the USA, China, the EU and Russia. The authors find that the level of blockchain adoption varies depending on the regulatory environment, technological readiness, and government support. For example, in the United States and China, blockchain is actively used in the financial and government spheres, while in Russia its adoption is constrained by regulatory and technological barriers. Based on the analysis, the authors propose practical measures for integrating blockchain into the financial infrastructure. These measures encompass the establishment of a regulatory framework, investments in digital infrastructure, fostering innovation, and promoting international collaboration to create unified standards. The practical value of the study lies in its potential to inform strategies for the digital transformation of financial systems, thereby enhancing their resilience and competitiveness in an era of global digitalization. The article makes a significant contribution to understanding the macroeconomic consequences of blockchain implementation and offers recommendations for regulators and financial market participants. The results of the study can be useful for further studying the role of blockchain in the transformation of financial systems, as well as for developing policies aimed at the effective use of this technology.

The paper examines the importance of digital citizenship and technology integration in education in India concerning the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. The literature review highlights the need for digital citizenship education to promote the responsible and ethical use of technology and the provisions of the NEP 2020 in this regard. The paper also analyzes the provisions of the NEP 2020 and concludes that it emphasizes technology integration in education and provides initiatives to incorporate digital technologies in education. The study also reveals the potential of technology integration in enhancing the learning experience for students and bridging the digital divide. The paper finds a need for more awareness and understanding of digital citizenship among educators and students in India and investment in digital infrastructure and teacher training programs. Based on these findings, the paper recommends that the Indian government invest in digital infrastructure and teacher training programs to support technology integration in education.

This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the digital transformation landscape in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Its main goal is to find out to what extent the pandemic has spurred digital technology adoption. During the pandemic, Saudi Arabia has seen a rapid transition to digital solutions in various areas such as remote working, online education and e-commerce. And telemedicine. This study examines the factors that contribute to this transition and assesses its long-term consequences. A quantitative, inductive and explanatory study design was selected for this study to analyze primary data collected from 247 respondents working in official UK organisations, ministries and agencies. Saudi Arabia through a survey questionnaire page. Statistical analysis tools were used to evaluate the conclusions of the results. Key findings highlight the central role of government investments in digital infrastructure and highlight the challenges of digital literacy and data security. Ultimately, this study acknowledges that the pandemic has acted as a catalyst, reshaping traditional business models and service delivery. To build on this momentum, the recommendations call for sustainable investment in digital infrastructure, increasing digital literacy, and encouraging innovation through collaborative and responsive partnerships. Actively on network security issues.

This study investigates the variation in attitudes across stakeholders towards investments in the digital economy. Using semi-structured interviews to identify attitudes about the spatially evolving socioeconomic importance of the digital economy in New Zealand, we identified seven distinct yet partially overlapping concerns that prioritise preferences for digital investment. A key finding is that there are important asymmetries in stakeholders' narratives and epistemological foundations that currently align to collectively strengthen resolve to invest in digital infrastructure and training, but this alignment may splinter in future. Some stakeholders saw internet access as coalescing social economy, and there were concerns that some people and some places would get left behind if access is not rolled out uniformly and as a priority. There were disagreements about who will prosper, who will get left behind, who should pay for upgrading digital skills, the extent that investments were connected with wellbeing and identity, whether fake news was significant, and the longevity of the impact of digital economy investments. This study contributes to theory by demonstrating that practically-relevant, socially-informed policy decisions can be underpinned by collective efforts that draw on heterogeneous narratives and multidimensional understandings.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into renewable energy systems represents a transformative step in enhancing the efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of clean energy technologies. This review explores the roles and applications of AI techniques—including Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), Reinforcement Learning (RL), and ensemble models like XGBoost—in predictive maintenance and energy optimization. Through a comprehensive analysis of recent studies, the review highlights how AI improves system performance by enabling early fault detection, optimizing energy distribution, and managing storage efficiently. Predictive maintenance driven by AI can reduce unplanned downtime by up to 35% and enhance energy output by approximately 8.5%. In energy optimization, AI models forecast demand and control load distribution, significantly contributing to smart grid development. However, several challenges remain, particularly in Indonesia, including limited high-quality data, high computational demands, system interoperability issues, and a lack of regulatory and human resource readiness, reducing unplanned downtime by up to 35% and increasing energy output by approximately 8.5%, as reported in previous studies. The review concludes that successful implementation requires strategic investment in digital infrastructure, inter-sectoral collaboration, and pilot projects to ensure sustainable AI adoption in Indonesia's renewable energy sector.