CONTEMPORARY UPDATES TO JOURNALISM THEORIES AND CONCEPTS

Goldfarb depicts salient differences between Frege’s and the contemporary philosophical conceptions of logic. On the contemporary conception, logical properties such as validity and consequence are metalinguistic properties of schemata determined by the truth values that result from interpretations of their placeholders. They thus require a truth predicate for their expression, and, moreover, apply only indirectly to actual statements, through the use of Tarskian semantic disquotational facts. On Frege’s universalist conception, in contrast, logical laws are maximally general truths, differing from other truths only in generality. Goldfarb argues that Frege was precluded from adopting the schematic conception by two central aspects of his views. First, Frege doubted that truth is a genuine property, and that the use of a truth predicate expresses genuine claims. Second, logic for Frege constitutes the ultimate standards of justification, and must be applicable to any subject matter without presupposing other truths, in particular independently of semantic facts. The latter point shows that for Frege what counts as a law of logic is not explicable by appeal to any more fundamental facts. Goldfarb argues also that Frege’s conception of the role of logic in justification shows that he is not vulnerable to the type of regress objections against logicism first presented by Poincaré. Finally, Goldfarb argues that although Frege in the end must within his conception of logic take our grasp of inference rules to be non-propositional, deductive justification under the schematic conception involves a regress of assumptions of stronger set theories that Frege’s conception can avoid.

This study aimed to define the contemporary and renewable concept of industrial safety and security and areas of application, and to identify the general rules for industrial safety and industrial security in general, and the industrial hazards and work injuries in addition to the required protection and prevention in particular. Methodology: The study used the analytical method for the industrial security system. Findings: Industrial security should be viewed from a different angle than industrial safety, as to be viewed in a contemporary concept, whereas its rules differ from industrial safety rules. This is due to the fact that industrial security rules require that it should be viewed in its comprehensive sense in order to accommodate all the regulations and instructions pertinent to the four traditional fields which are: safety, firefighting, preserving environmental safety, and security. Recommendations: • To conduct training courses in competent institutions which modern industries can create in human life, and this should be related to the nature of each individual industry as the specific dangers are more related to the nature of industries. • The owners of industrial facilities, along with state control, should allocate more technical and material attention to protect workers in industrial facilities from the dangers of multiple industrial professions and to undertake full medical assistance to face these dangers. • Authorities in the areas of nuclear installations should provide adequate safeguards to secure the reactors from the causes of nuclear leak. This action should be performed under international control. • Multi-site industries should be grouped together in an industrial city away from residential areas, especially the nuclear industries. • Reliance should be on safe and environmentally friendly energy source technologies. • The industrial safety and security course should be incorporated in the curriculum at the appropriate educational stage and also in specialized technical studies.

The concept of sustainable development has promoted around the world for years by taking action to implement it on a global scale. Hence, as a development paradigm, it appears in many strategic documents at every planning level. The main goal of the research is to determine whether and to what extent the idea of sustainable development manifests itself in the contemporary urban concepts. The analysis covered publications, events and selected urban projects. As the beginning of the time frame, the 1960s were adopted, which together with the 1970s are the background to the changes that led to the crystallization of the idea of sustainable development. This is a period of decline and criticism of the idea of modernism, the crisis of cities, as well as the beginnings of the trend of postmodernism. The following years - the 80s, 90s and the beginnings of the 21st century - is a gradual development of the concept: a compact city, a green city, an intelligent city, as well as searching for ways to implement sustainable development in cities. The analysis of the contemporary concepts of shaping cities has shown a lack of consistent, uniform planning and urban planning criteria for sustainable development. However, this does not necessarily mean the faults of the idea itself, but the advantage of an individual approach to each city and the possibility of its flexible implementation. The conducted analysis also showed that particular contemporary concepts are based on similar assumptions, or even are opposed to each other. None of them offers the perfect city. Individual ideas of urban development can be implemented separately or creatively combined with each other. Although none of the ideas of shaping cities is fully complete and universal, it is important to treat the city as one organism, and seeking for its sustainability, consistently use selected planning tools, adapting ideas to the context and scale of the city. Further search for the right direction of urban development is a task that in a given time perspective may lead to an improvement in the spatial, social, economic and environmental situation, and consequently to a higher quality of life for the residents.

This chapter compares Kant’s notion of autonomy to contemporary conceptions. Despite repeated references to Kant from contemporary sources, the main thesis of this chapter is that Kant and contemporary clusters of autonomy only share a very general definition of “autonomy” as self-determination. However, both camps refer to different capacities of determining oneself: contemporary proponents mostly focus on a personal, conscious decision, akin to a New Year’s resolution. Kant, on the other hand, sees autonomy as a necessary, pre-conscious source of principles, akin to origin of the laws of logic. One is autonomous if one is determined by these principles and not personal, conscious preferences. Importantly, pure reason, according to Kant, is the metaphysical source of a moral law. This explains why autonomy has a different relationship to morality on Kant’s and the contemporary accounts. On the contemporary conception, the ability to choose for oneself is oftentimes said to be a value. As such, it grounds a right one can claim from others and a goal for a well-functioning life. Since, on Kant’s account, autonomy is the source of a moral law, autonomy generates a duty for the agent, not a right for a victim, and functions as a requirement of what can count as a moral theory more generally. The resulting claim of this chapter is that – because Kant and contemporary conceptions have a different understanding of self-determination – contemporary conceptions cannot simply point to Kant for a justification of their views.

هدف البحث الحالى إلى تصميم وحدة إلكترونية فى الإقتصاد، وقياس فاعليتها فى تنمية مفاهيم الإقتصاد الرقمى المعاصرة، عمق التعلم لدى طلاب التعليم الفنى التجارى. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف فقد تم إستخدام منهج البحوث المختلطة حيث تم إستخدم (المنهج التحليلى) فى الجانب النظرى من البحث فى تحديد مفاهيم الاقتصاد الرقمى المعاصرة التى يراد تنميتها عند طلاب التعليم الفنى التجارى، و(المنهج شبه التجريبى) لتحديد فاعلية المتغير المستقل (الوحدة الإلكترونية) فى تنمية المتغير التابع (مفاهيم الاقتصاد الرقمى المعاصرة وعمق التعلم)، وتمثلت أدوات البحث فى إختبار مفاهيم الإقتصاد الرقمى المعاصرة ومقياس عمق التعلم.صممت الباحثتان الوحدة إلكترونياً مكونة من سبعة مفاهيم إقتصادية رقمية معاصرة، وقد تم تطبيق هذه الوحدة على عينة من طالبات الصف الأول الثانوى التجارى نظام الثلاث سنوات، بلغ حجمها (21) طالبة كمجموعة تجريبية، وتم رفعها على موقع إلكترونى تم تصميمه، إعتمدت الباحثتان فى تصميم الوحدة الإلكترونية الخاصة بالبحث على نموذج (ADDIE) حيث يعتبر من أهم وأشهر النماذج المستخدمة فى تصميم البرامج التعليمية ويتكون هذا النموذج من خمس مراحل هى: التحليل، التصميم، التطوير، التنفيذ، التقويم.وقد أظهرت نتائج التجريب على عينة البحث وجود فرق دال إحصائياً بين التطبيق القبلي والتطبيق البعدي لدرجات طالبات مجموعة البحث– لصالح التطبيق البعدي – في إختبار المفاهيم الاقتصادية، مقياس عمق التعلم ؛ مما أشار إلى إرتفاع مستوي أداء الطالبات مجموعة البحث بعد إنتهاء التجربة بشكل فعال ومن ثم فاعلية/تأثير الوحدة الإلكترونية فى تنمية مفاهيم الإقتصاد الرقمى المعاصرة وعمق التعلم، وفى ضوء ما توصل إليه البحث من نتائج قدم البحث مجموعة من التوصيات والمقترحات التربوية لتعميم نتائج البحث.

Historically, the occupational therapy profession emerged from the increasing recognition of people as occupational beings responding to the daily demands the environment placed on them, when occupational performance challenges and/or disruptions occurred, and the impact these had on their health and wellbeing. At the start of our profession in the first two decades of the 20th century, occupational therapy focused on the occupational needs of people and their related health benefits, often referred to as moral treatment (Anderson and Reed, 2017). Then, in the 1930s through to the 1960s, therapists relied on the medical, mechanistic and biomechanical models of practice (Colman, 1990). From the 1980s onwards, there was a renaissance in the occupational therapy discipline where we went back and claimed our human occupation origins (Shannon, 1977; Whiteford et al., 2000).Then, in the 1990s occupational science was proposed as an emerging multidisciplinary field that would underpin the occupational therapy profession and grow its body of empirical knowledge (Clark, 1993; Yerxa, 1990). There have been debates in the literature about the two disciplines not necessarily complementing one another (Clark et al., 1993; Morley et al., 2011; Mosey, 1992; Pollard et al., 2010), and a persistent gap appears to exist between occupational therapy as a research- and evidence-based profession and occupational science as an academic and research discipline (Lunt, 1997; Molke et al., 2004; Morley et al., 2011; Pollard et al., 2010). Despite the apparent divide between occupational therapy and occupational science, it is theoretically expected that these two fields should be interconnected and mutually reinforcing, raising questions about whether their separation is a deliberate choice or simply a byproduct of other external factors. (Clark et al., 1991; Hocking and Wright-St Claire, 2011; Riley, 2012; Yerxa, 1993). Ideally, the work of occupational scientists should contribute to the evidence base of occupational therapy (Christiansen, 2024; Eklund et al., 2017; Kristensen and Petersen, 2016). Likewise, occupational therapy practice should provide a rich source of ideas for occupational scientists to research and investigate (Blanche and Henny-Kohler, 2000; Riley, 2012). Up to now, there appears to be few overt examples of this occurring (Backman et al., 2021; Eklund et al., 2017; Hocking et al., 2015; Kristensen and Petersen, 2016).Alongside colleagues Stephen Isbel, Louise Gustafsson, Sharon Gutman, Diane Powers Dirette, Bethan Collins and Tim Barlott, I was part of an international collaborative effort to bridge the gap between occupational therapy and occupational science by co-editing the book Human Occupation: Contemporary Concepts and Lifespan Perspectives (2024, Routledge). This edited publication aims to unite the two disciplines by placing the concept of human occupation at its core. The two key frameworks that inform the focus of the Human Occupation book (Brown et al., 2024) are the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (World Health Organization, 2001) and the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework – 4th edition (American Occupational Therapy Association, 2020). The chapters of Human Occupation (Brown et al., 2024) provide overviews of the impact of a range of contemporary societal factors on human occupation, the range of types of human occupation and how human occupation evolves over the lifespan.Human Occupation: Contemporary Concepts and Lifespan Perspectives is divided into five main sections: Over 100 authors representing 16 different countries contributed to the 40 chapters that make up the five sections of the book. Woven throughout the edited book are sections of chapters that will highlight the unique features of human occupation, occupational performance and participation, occupational science and occupational therapy practice.One aim of Human Occupation (Brown et al., 2024) is to bring the fields of occupational therapy and occupational science into closer alignment with each other. We are not suggesting that they are at odds with each other but in many cases, there is potential for more strategic collegial collaborations between the two disciplines. A mutual priority for both disciplines should be the expansion of the body of evidence and knowledge about human occupation (see Figure 1). Laliberte Rudman (2018) stated there is the “potential for occupational therapy and science to form productive, critically-informed alliances that support occupation-based socially transformative work” (p. 241).Human Occupation: Contemporary Concepts and Lifespan Perspectives (Brown et al., 2024) is an example of what can be achieved based on the international, contemporary, collaborative, reciprocal relationship between the occupational therapy and occupational science disciplines. The team of co-editors and contributing authors hope that you find the book informative and, in places, challenging in relation to viewing the world through a human occupation lens.Author’s contributions: The author is solely responsible for the conception, design, intellectual content and drafting preparation of the editorial.Funding statement: No funding was received related to conducting this study.Conflict of interests: The author has no competing interests to declare.Ethics approval statement: Not applicable.

With the growing dominance of Western colonial systems in knowledge, culture, and the arts, alongside the expansion of elite grand narratives, and the continued political colonization through economic and cultural hegemony (media, globalization, and stereotypical representation), the emergence of modern critical philosophies (Derrida, Lyotard, Foucault, Deleuze) aimed at deconstructing centrism and advocating for pluralism and difference. This has highlighted the need for postcolonial studies, which took on the task of restoring the marginalized voices of colonized peoples and deconstructing the colonial discourse and the stereotypes formed about the colonized populations. Additionally, these studies have worked toward recovering identities and revitalizing suppressed cultures by understanding the impact of colonialism and its symbolic tools deeply embedded in the present (education, art, language, and religion), granting societies the tools to understand themselves in accordance with liberating knowledge from Western European centrality. This prompted the researcher to raise the following question: How has postcolonial critical reading been represented in contemporary formation? Thus, the first chapter provided the methodological framework of the research, presenting the research problem and its importance, aiming to offer a critical (exposing) reading of the stereotypes drawn by the colonizer about the colonized peoples. The aim of the research focused on revealing the visual equations and conceptual foundations of postcolonialism in contemporary formation. The research was confined to the period (2018–2023) and geographically limited to the artistic outputs of postcolonialism in contemporary formation, including America, Africa, Britain, and Nigeria. The chapter also addressed the identification and clarification of key terms and their meanings. The second chapter consisted of two sections: the first addressed the conceptual institutions of postcolonialism, while the second covered the artistic applications of postcolonialism in the field of visual arts.

Racism is barbaric practices based on prejudice and intolerant behaviors and is based on the persecution and marginalization of individuals or groups for reasons such as differences in religion, color, race, language or culture. It consists of four chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the causes and problem of the research, represented by the following question: How was the anti-racism represented in contemporary formation? The research also aims to identify the representations of the object of anti-racism in the contemporary formation, while the objective boundaries represented in the artworks of artists that carried representations of racism were identified, and the temporal boundaries included the works of art completed in the period (1818-2020). As for the second chapter, which is represented by the theoretical framework and previous studies And it included three topics, where the first topic was devoted (a reading in the concept of racism and its rejection), and what came in the second topic is anti-racism in the history of contemporary formation, while the third chapter concerned the research procedures, and the researcher included the research community in the light of which the research sample was selected, as well In the research tool, the researcher relied on the results of the indicators in the theoretical framework, which is considered the basis of the analysis, in addition to the observation tool, which is one of the tools of the descriptive approach. The fourth chapter included the results, conclusions, recommendations, and proposals.

AimsDizziness and/or balance issues affect up to 5.3% of children,1 and between 30-70% of children with hearing loss.2 Vestibular disorders in children are often underdiagnosed or overlooked.For some children, vestibular...

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is now so much a part of modern nomenclature and broader society that it is difficult to comprehend just how far psychiatry has advanced in this area over the last four decades. Prior to the inclusion of PTSD in the Third Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the DSM-III, in 1980 (American Psychiatric Association, 1980), there was no diagnostic category that captured the concept that adult exposure to extreme stress could lead to a prolonged psychological injury. The new more scientific approach to classification introduced in the DSM-III represented a remarkable renaissance in both academic and clinical psychiatry. Rigorous observational phenomenology came to replace the theoretical hypotheses of psychoanalysis, involving infantile sexuality, fantasy and unconscious conflict as the cause of most adult psychopathology, and the concept of neurosis was removed from diagnostic systems. This change allowed for a reformulation of the enduring effects of traumatic stress and its relevance to psychopathology.

Surgery First Orthognathic Approach (SFOA): Evolution and contemporary concepts

Summary Wound reparative process after surgery, burns, injuries, and inflammatory processes results in a spectrum of scar formation ranging from nearly scarless healing to excessive fibrosis or atrophy. Scarring is considered a major medical problem that leads to aesthetic and functional sequelae. Scar tissue is clinically distinguished from normal skin by an aberrant color, rough surface texture, increased thickness (hypertrophy), occurrence of contraction, and firmness. In the last decade, the concept of wound healing kinetics has been developed to describe the delicate balance of cell activity involved in scar formation and remodeling. Hypertrophic scars and keloids are formed as a result of the process of abnormal wound healing. Despite all that has been written on improving the appearance of these types of scars, there are no definitive management protocols. The aim of the present article is to make a brief review of the basic wound healing, while focusing on medicine’s latest understanding of the development and treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars.

Regional planning is exposed to various criticisms today due to its unclear position in the federal planning system, as well as incoherent methodology among other inconsistencies. Nonetheless, despite those critics, the importance and role of regional plans and/or strategies is indisputable, primarily in creating a base for directing development processes. Nowadays, regional planning is going through significant methodological changes as a reflection of overall changes in the planning doctrine, new geopolitical circumstances, and the effect of the "acceleration" of time. The modified perception of space as a global and dynamic environment, and the intensive application of advanced technologies in the planning process, cause the need for refitted methods and techniques in regional planning. Those updates will revive regional planning and make the decision-making process more transparent. This paper will focus on new technologies that are in application in some countries with advanced regional planning. The province of British Columbia in Canada is one of those countries. The regional district of Vancouver will be used to analyze the differences between traditional and contemporary concepts in regional planning through the application of advanced models in policy making.

Heterogeneity is commonplace in all cancer types and at several levels--intrinsic (genetic), epigenetic, positional, and at the population level. The different subpopulations with a tumor mass communicate with each other and influence the behavior of other tumor cells both locally and at a distance. These properties have profound implications regarding the understanding of tumor behavior and how therapies are (or should be) administered. This brief commentary highlights the insightful review of Gloria Heppner and how it has influenced cancer research even three decades after it was published.

ABSTRAK. Ilmu merupakan sebuah kunci akan segala kebaikan serta pengetahuan. Ilmu menjadi sebuah sarana untuk bisa menjalankan hidup ini dan apa yang menjadi perintah Allah SWT kepada kita. Dalam perkembangannya pembangunan bangunan pendidikan sangat penting untuk menciptakan suasana belajar yang nyaman dan bermanfaat bagi pengguna, sekaligus sebagai penanda bahwa pendidikan tidak hanya berkembang pada sistem saja akan tetatapi juga dengan pembangunan penunjang fasilitas yang berkualitas dan menjadi citra yang baik untuk pendidikan Indonesia. Kajian ini bertujuan lebih memehami konsep kontemporer terhadap prinsip dan penerapan pada bangunan pendidikan lebih tepatnya universitas dengan rumusan masalah Bagaimana bangunan pendidikan dalam studi kasus dikatakan menerapkan konsep arsitektur kontemporer?. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah kulaitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif pada studi kasus bangunan kontemporer pada bangunan pendidikan lebih tepatnya universitas. Hasil dari kajian ini menunjukan bahwa konsep kontemporer memiliki prinsip tersendiri dari segi bentuk yang dinamis, kompleks, dan bentuk pengulangan dan simetri. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai awal pengembangan desain dalam rancangan arsitektur kontemporer. Kata Kunci: Konsep Kontemporer, Bangunan Pendidikan, Arsitektur ABSTRACT. Science is the key to all goodness and knowledge. Science becomes a means to be able to live this life and what Allah Almighty commands us. In its development, the construction of educational buildings is very important to create a comfortable and useful learning atmosphere for users, as well as a sign that education will not only develop in the system, but also with the construction of supporting quality facilities and become a good image for Indonesian education. This study aims to better understand the contemporary concept of principles and application to educational buildings, more precisely universities with the formulation of the problem How is educational building in case studies said to apply the concept of contemporary architecture?. The method used in this study is quantifiable with a descriptive approach to case studies of contemporary buildings in educational buildings, more precisely universities. The results of this study show that contemporary concepts have their own principles in terms of dynamic, complex shapes, and forms of repetition and symmetry. This study is expected to be used as a prelude to design development in contemporary architectural design. Keywords: Contemporary Concepts, Educational Buildings, Architecture