Abstract
Abstract Toxic heavy metal(loids) (THMs) are released into natural water systems from geological and anthropogenic sources, and easily accumulated via water and sediments in aquatic fish species. The monitoring of THM concentrations in river water, sediments and fish muscles is therefore, essential to make sure acquiescence with food security guidelines and resulting end user safety. The present study aimed to investigate the concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in water, bed sediments and their bioaccumulation in freshwater fish tissues collected from five locations along Swat River, Pakistan. Results indicated that Cd concentration in the downstream (30%) water samples exceeded the safety guideline values of World Health Organization (WHO), while the other selected THMs were within the safety limits. The ecological risk ( E ri ) for sediments showed considerable ecological risk (80 ≤ Eri E ri >320) for Pb, As and Cd, while the potential ecological risk (RI) showed considerable level ((190 ≤ RI Cd >Pb >Cr >As >Cu >Ni. In the study area, the selected THMs were within the permissible limits all the fish tissue samples showing no potential health risk (carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic
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