Abstract
This paper presents a multiperiod optimization algorithm that is implemented in a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system. The algorithm controls lights and air conditioners as flexible loads to reduce the consumption and controls a dishwasher as a deferrable load to implement the load shifting. Several parameters are considered to implement the algorithm for several successive periods in a real building operation. In the proposed methodology, optimization is done regarding user comfort, which is modeled in the objective function related to the indoor temperature in each room, and in the constraints in order to prevent excessive power reduction, according to users’ preferences. Additionally, the operation cycle of a dishwasher is included, and the algorithm selects the best starting point based on the appliance weights and power availability in each period. With the proposed methodology, the building energy manager can specify the moments when the optimization is run with consideration of the operational constraints. Accordingly, the main contribution of the paper is to provide and integrate a methodology to minimize the difference between the actual and the desired temperature in each room, as a measure of comfort, respecting constraints that can be easily bounded by building users and manager. The case study considers the real consumption data of an office building which contains 20 lights, 10 ACs, and one dishwasher. Three scenarios have been designed to focus on different functionalities. The outcomes of the paper include proof of the performance of the optimization algorithm and how such a system can effectively minimize electricity consumption by implementing demand response programs and using them in smart grid contexts.
Highlights
The work in this paper has been done in the sequence of the work presented in [1]
In office buildings, more attention is paid to air conditioners (ACs) [11,12], while according to [13], 29% of the total energy consumption in office buildings occurs due to lighting
The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system can control the lights in a building via a Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) [16], which has been implemented to support the results of this paper
Summary
The work in this paper has been done in the sequence of the work presented in [1]. Sometimes unimportant actions during the day can impact the environment and, in the end, affect the survival of the earth [2]. That has been the motivation for automation in buildings in order to prevent the loss of energy as much as possible [3]. Some strategic services such as demand response (DR) programs organize users’ consumption patterns as a generic and systematic program, in which electricity price variations or technical issues with consideration of the interests of consumers and producers are used to activate changes in the consumption patterns. Among all types of buildings, office buildings are considered to be the more flexible option for implementing DR programs, because usually they have significant energy consumption, and in some cases are better equipped for automation infrastructure than residential houses [9]. The SCADA system can control the lights in a building via a Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) [16], which has been implemented to support the results of this paper
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