Consumption of Male-Female, Female-Female, and Male-Male Pornography: Attentional Focus and Associated Discomfort in Spanish Men with Different Sexual Attraction.

Current Literature Review

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to understand how the consumption of online pornography runs through fantasy, discourse and the exercise of female sexuality.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the study analyzed a few information obtained from a secret group of the social media Facebook. Secondly, the research was developed based on the information gathered during the observation period; 11 in-depth interviews were conducted with women that participated in the aforementioned group. In order to analyze the data, the study used the French discourse analysis as methodological tool.FindingsIt was possible to realize that the consumption of pornographic content is motivated by curiosity, pursuit of variety and sexual fantasies, and it ends up strengthening stereotypes related to the concept of beauty and body standards. Also, the consumption of pornography can be seen as an important feature in the reformulation of perceptions and creation of senses related to pornography itself, pleasure, self-knowledge and in the constitution of the subjectivities of the consumers, despite the influence of the cultural context in which they are inserted into.Research limitations/implicationsThe consumption of online pornography can be seen as an important “social operator”; that is, the consumption of pornography reflects and refracts what is socially established as beautiful and adequate in terms of the human figure. The outcomes of this research lead to debates that can challenge standardized world perspectives, besides expanding the discussion of such consumption made by women.Originality/valueTaking into consideration the significant volume of pornography consumption and the high figures that this market indicates, one can notice that literature related to consumption studies has neglected this specific theme.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine (1) differences in sexual dysfunction between lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual female breast cancer survivors including (2) patient-provider communication regarding sexual problems, and (3) receipt of treatment for sexual complaints. Methods: Dr. Susan Love Research Foundation's The Health of Women (HOW) Study™ is a cohort study of approximately 40,000 women with and without breast cancer who have responded to one or more online, self-administered surveys. This study includes data from women who completed the baseline and quality-of-life surveys. Women were included if they had a previous diagnosis of breast cancer and if they self-identified as lesbian, bisexual, or heterosexual (N=3,833). Sexual dysfunction was defined as “ever [having] significant problems with change in sexual interest.” We also examined whether women (1) thought that their cancer/cancer treatment was “the primary cause of [her] most significant problems with changes in sexual interest”, (2) “talked to [her] doctor about [her] problems with change in sexual interest”, and (3) “received treatment for [her] problems with change in sexual interest.” Analyses included chi-square test of independence and bivariate logistic regression. Differences were considered significant at p<0.10. Results: Distribution of sexual orientation was as follows: heterosexual (96%), lesbian (3%), and bisexual (1%). Over a third of women reported sexual dysfunction (34%); 78% of them attributed these changes in sexual interest to their breast cancer treatment. Bisexual women were most likely to report changes in sexual interest (48%) when compared to lesbian (34%) and heterosexual (34%) women. Bisexual women were 77% more likely to report changes in sexual interest compared to heterosexual women (OR=1.77; 95%CI: 0.99-3.17, p<0.10); however, bisexual women were less likely than heterosexual women to talk to their doctor about this (OR=0.40; 95% CI: 0.16-0.94, p<0.10). All women reported similar levels of bother from changes in sexual interest (62% reporting being bothered by changes in sexual interest “quite a bit” or “very much”). Irrespective of sexual orientation, less than 20% of women received treatment for changes in sexual interest. Conclusion: Sexual dysfunction was a common issue identified by women breast cancer survivors, particularly among bisexual women who were also less likely to report sexual dysfunction to their provider. Overall, treatment for sexual dysfunction was low for all women, suggesting a potential gap in survivorship care more broadly. These findings suggest that experiencing problematic changes in sexual interest was more common among bisexual breast cancer survivors, who may face unique challenges in receiving needed survivorship care. Targeted interventions for these women may be warranted to increase patient-provider communication about sexual dysfunction and to improve the burden of sexual dysfunction among bisexual women. Citation Format: Christopher W. Wheldon, Megan C. Roberts, Michelle I. Silver, Ulrike Boehmer. Differences in sexual dysfunction between lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual female breast cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr A62.

BackgroundPornography consumption is higher in men, but we do not know if this association can be modified by different variables, such as sexual attraction and place of origin. Given the impact pornography has on minors, there are limited studies that analyze the use of pornography in representative samples of the adult population. The aim was analyze the prevalence and factors associated with using pornography in young adult men and women, living in Spain, with different sexual attractions and different places of birth.MethodsCross-sectional study with an online survey conducted with 2515 men and women aged between 18 and 35 years of age. The prevalence of pornography consumption is described and analyzed in the total sample and stratified by sex, according to socio-demographic and sexual attraction variables. The association between covariates and pornography consumption at some point in life was estimated with prevalence ratios (PR) obtained with the Poisson models of robust variance. Dependent variable: voluntarily using pornography at some point in life. Socio-demographic variables were included in the analysis: age, sex, level of education, place of birth. Sexual attraction was also analyzed.ResultsIn Spain, 94.7% of men between 18 and 34 years and 74.6% of women have voluntarily used pornography at some point in their life. The mean age to start using it is earlier in men [Mean:14.2; Standard Deviation (SD):2.3]. Bisexual/homosexual attraction (reference: heterosexual) increases the probability of using pornography in women [(PR (95%CI): 1.30 (1.22; 1.38)]. Yet this is not observed in men. In both sexes, the probability of using pornography increases with age [(PR (95%CI): 1.01(1.00; 1.01)] and coming from abroad (reference: native), being the effect of country of birth significantly higher in women [(PR (95%CI): 1.17 (1.09; 1.26)] than in men [(PR (95%CI): 1.04 (1.01; 1.07).ConclusionsPublic health programmes aimed at improving affective-sexual health should consider the high use of pornography among young adults in Spain, as well as those variables that increase its use.

(181) RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF PORNOGRAPHY ON THE SEXUAL HEALTH OF WOMEN

Regionally, Asia bears a high proportion of global burden of disease relating to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected. The research presented in this thesis focuses on MSM in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos). Whilst the prevalence of HIV among reproductive-aged adults in Laos is low (0.2%), HIV prevalence among MSM is considerably higher, estimated at 5.6% in Vientiane in 2007. MSM are a heterogeneous group of men with respect to identity, sexual practices and sexual attraction. Behaviourally bisexual men constitute a substantial proportion of MSM in Laos and more broadly in Asia. A systematic review of studies in Asia found that MSM with bisexual behaviour have similar prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to MSM with homosexual behaviour, but are less likely to have received an HIV test. The involvement of behaviourally bisexual men in HIV interventions is essential to achieving HIV control and maintaining low HIV prevalence in Laos. This thesis describes a program of research designed to produce a better understanding of sexual risk and health needs of behaviourally bisexual men in Laos. The research informing this thesis was conducted in Vientiane, Laos in two phases using a mixed-methods approach. Firstly, quantitative data on sexual behaviour, alcohol and other drug use, and HIV knowledge was collected in 2010 using a behavioural survey with a social network design. Secondly, qualitative data collected in a follow-up study in 2013-14 enabled exploration of the motivations, influences, and moderators of behaviour and health-care seeking among behaviourally bisexual men in Vientiane. The research results demonstrate the complexity of sexual orientation in Laos. Young behaviourally bisexual men in Laos associate with different sexual identities and report varying sexual preferences, but most commonly identify as heterosexual. A high proportion of bisexual men reported multiple sex partners, concurrent male and female partners, inconsistent condom use, consuming alcohol before sex, and both buying and selling sex. Despite reporting high-risk sexual behaviours for HIV and STI, utilisation of healthcare services was low; uptake of HIV testing was poor, and use of STI services limited to symptomatic treatment. Common barriers to testing were low perception of risk, expectation of symptoms, fear of HIV, shyness, anticipation of stigma, confidentiality concerns, and waiting times. This research highlights the need for integrated HIV and STI services and improved health promotion targeting bisexual men in Laos. Strategies are needed to generate demand for both HIV and STI testing, improve the capacity of sexual healthcare providers, and promote available services. Heath promotion messages aimed at reaching bisexual men should emphasise the importance of consistent condom use with all sex partners, lubricant use and regular HIV and STI testing. Based on these findings, a range of recommendations for the content and delivery of interventions to reach behaviourally bisexual men are made. These include both mainstream and targeted channels, and the relevance of internet and mobile phone technologies is discussed. These findings have practical implications for the delivery of HIV prevention and sexual health promotion in Laos and have the potential to reduce HIV and STI transmission in this high-risk group.

(180) VIRTUAL REALITY AND PORNOGRAPHY: THE IMPACT OF IMMERSIVE EFFECTS ON PORNOGRAPHY CONSUMPTION

Although some bisexual men experience conventional sexual attraction to both males and females, others have less obvious sexual interests underlying their bisexual identity, attraction, or behavior (i.e., bisexual phenomena). Accordingly, it has been proposed that some men’s bisexual phenomena are motivated by autogynephilia, a male’s propensity to be sexually aroused by the thought or image of being a woman. For these men, sexual attraction to males is secondary to their autogynephilia, rather than a reflection of conventional attraction to males. The present study examined how common autogynephilia is among bisexual cisgender men, and how autogynephilic bisexual men may differ from non-autogynephilic bisexual men in their sexual interests and behavior, uncertainty about their sexual orientation, and gender-related experiences. We recruited a large sample of bisexual-identified men (n = 254) via Prolific to complete an online survey. Of the sample, 35% (n = 89) endorsed at least half of the items on a measure of core autogynephilia. Consistent with past research on autogynephilia, autogynephilic bisexual men reported more paraphilic sexual interests than non-autogynephilic bisexual men. Of clinical importance, autogynephilic bisexual men reported less certainty about their sexual orientation, elevated childhood and adult gender nonconformity, and elevated gender dysphoria relative to non-autogynephilic bisexuals. These findings suggest that a substantial minority of bisexual men experience autogynephilia, and that future research should consider the unique experiences and needs of autogynephilic bisexual men, including how else they might differ from other bisexual men.

Estimating the size of key risk groups susceptible to HIV/sexually transmitted diseases (STI) is necessary for establishment of interventions and budget allocation. This study aimed to identify various dimensions of sexual orientation and practices in Israel, and correlate the findings with sexual risk behavior (SRB). It used a random representative sample of the Jewish population aged 18-44 years who completed online questionnaires regarding their self-identified sexual orientation, attraction and practices, and SRB. Concordant heterosexuals were those who self-reported heterosexual identity, were attracted and had sex only with the opposite gender. National estimates regarding prevalence of gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women were based on the civil census. The sample included 997 men and 1005 women, of whom 11.3 and 15.2% were attracted to the same-gender, 10.2 and 8.7% reported lifetime same-gender encounters, while 8.2 and 4.8% self-identified as gay or bisexual men and lesbian or bisexual women, respectively. The estimated population of self-identified Jewish gay or bisexual men and lesbian or bisexual women aged 18-44 in Israel was 94,176, and 57,671, respectively. SRB was more common among self-identified gays or bisexual men and among discordant heterosexual men and women. Those who reported same-gender sexual practices reported greater SRB than those who only had opposite-gender encounters. Interestingly, SRB among discordant heterosexuals was associated with same-sex behavior rather than attraction. Health practitioners should increase their awareness of sexual diversity among their clientele, and should recognize that risk for HIV/STI may exist among self-identified heterosexuals, who may not disclose their actual sexual attraction or practices.

Although zoophilic blogs and websites attract the attention of zoophiles and others who are curious about this sexual activity, the motivations for consuming this type of pornography are not clear. This study aimed to confirm the factorial validity of the Pornography Consumption Inventory in an online sample of men with sexual interest in animals, and to construct an association model between motivations for pornography consumption and the following psychological variables: depression, sexual impulsiveness, and strength of sexual interest in animals. In this cross-sectional study, we located a website that catered to a network of people with a sexual interest in animals. Subsequently, a questionnaire was made available online to members of this network. Results support the 4-factor model of the Pornography Consumption Inventory. Depression and strength of sexual interest in animals were negatively and positively correlated with the sexual curiosity factor, respectively. Sexual impulsiveness was positively associated with the emotional avoidance, excitement seeking, and sexual pleasure factors. Depression and sexual impulsiveness were positively correlated. Psychological factors can differently motivate the consumption of pornography among men who visit zoophilic blogs and websites. With these preliminary data, we can identify some characteristics of this population.

Consommation de pornographie à l’adolescence : quelles représentations de la sexualité et de la pornographie, pour quelle sexualité ?

Introduction à la méthodologie des essais randomisés : les essais de non infériorité

Informations pour le praticien

P.7.b.009 Different brain responses during empathy in youth with autism spectrum disorders and youth with conduct disorder and callous-unemotional traits

Previous research related to the motor interference effect from dangerous objects indicated that delayed responses to dangerous objects were associated with more positive parietal P3 amplitudes, suggesting that great attentional resources were allocated to evaluate the level of danger (i.e., negative valence). However, arousal covaried with valence in this research. Together with previous studies in which the P3 amplitude was found to be increased along with a higher arousal level in the parietal lobe, we raised the issue that more positive parietal P3 amplitudes might also be affected by a high arousal level. To clarify whether valence or arousal impacted the motor interference effect, this study used a motor priming paradigm mixed with a Go/NoGo task and manipulated the valence (negative, neutral and positive) and arousal (medium and high) of target stimuli. Analysis of the behavioral results identified a significant motor interference effect (longer reaction times (RTs) in the negative valence condition than in the neutral valence condition) at the medium arousal level and an increased effect size (increment of RT difference) at the high arousal level. The results indicated that negative valence stimuli may interfere with the prime elicited motor preparation more strongly at the high arousal level than at the medium arousal level. The ERP results identified larger centroparietal P3 amplitudes for the negative valence condition than for the neutral valence condition at a high arousal level. However, the inverse result, i.e., lower centroparietal P3 amplitudes for the negative valence condition than for the neutral valence condition, was observed at a medium arousal level. The ERP results further indicated that the effect size of the behavioral motor interference effect increased because subjects are more sensitive to the negative valence stimuli at the high arousal level than at the medium arousal level. Furthermore, the motor interference effect is related to the negative valence rather than emotionality of the target stimuli because different result patterns emerged between the positive and negative valence conditions. Detailed processes underlying the interaction between valence and arousal effects are discussed.