Abstract
Lignin is the second most abundant and low-cost natural polymer, but its high value-added utilization is still lack of effective and economic ways. In this paper, waste lignosulfonate (LS) was introduced to fabricate antifouling membrane surfaces via layer-by-layer self-assembly with polyethyleneimine (PEI). The LS/PEI multilayers were successfully deposited on the polysulfone (PSf) membrane, as demonstrated by ATR-FTIR, XPS, Zeta potential measurements, AFM, and SEM. Meanwhile, the effect of the number of bilayers was investigated in detail on the composition, morphologies, hydrophilicity, and antifouling performance of the membrane surface. As a result, with the bilayer numbers increase to 5, the PSf membrane shows smooth surface with small roughness, and its water contact angle reduces to 44.1°, indicating the improved hydrophilicity. Accordingly, the modified PSf membrane with 5 LS/PEI bilayers repels the adsorption of protein, resulting in good antifouling performance. This work provides a green, facile, and low-cost strategy to construct antifouling membrane surfaces.
Highlights
Water scarcity and pollution have been considered as the two main environmental problems of global concern [1]
It can be clearly observed that the intensity of a broad peak at ca. 3440 cm−1 increases with the increase of the bilayer numbers of LbL assembly, which is ascribed to the stretching vibration of –OH groups of LS and –NH groups of PEI [36,45]
The antifouling membrane surfaces were achieved through constructing lignosulfonate and polyethyleneimine (LS/PEI) multilayers on the
Summary
Water scarcity and pollution have been considered as the two main environmental problems of global concern [1]. Many investigations have illustrated that surface hydrophilic modification is the most common method to effectively reduce the PSf membrane fouling. This is because the hydrophilic chains can form a tight hydration layer on the membrane surface and repel foulants adsorption via repulsive hydration forces [6,9,10,11]. Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly has been proven to be a versatile and facile approach to construct very thin polyelectrolyte multilayer films, making it highly suitable for membrane surface. A variety of polyelectrolytes have been applied as build substances to substances to constructmultilayer antifouling multilayer films on membrane surfaces [19,20,21,22,23]. Waste LS was introduced to construct antifouling membrane surfaces via LbL assembly (Figure 1c). This work provides a green, facile, and low-cost strategy to construct antifouling membrane surfaces
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