Construction of 1D biomass-derived tubular carbon fiber/Ni nanoparticles composite for broadband and lightweight microwave absorbers

Abstract

The novel electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorber puts forward higher requirements for broadband and lightweight. Compared with other options, the construction of system for low-dimensional composite material is an effective way to realize this aspiration. In this research, making using of Typha's fluff as a template, 1D tubular carbon fiber/Ni nanoparticles composite (TN) was rationally constructed to achieve the remarkable electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) properties through green and simple synthesis process. The low percolation threshold of the carbon fiber ensures sufficient conduction loss effects of TN at a low filling ratio to achieve the goal of lightweight. The design of the magnetic-dielectric synergistic system is more conducive to the acquisition of excellent impedance matching. The uniform distribution of in-situ grown nickel nanoparticles provides a magnetic coupling network and forms a rich heterogeneous interface with the carbon fiber to enhance interfacial polarization. These facilitate the broadband absorption behavior of composite. Accordingly, TN exhibits impressive EMA properties with an EAB of 8.6 GHz and a RL of −56.4 dB with a filling ratio of only 10 wt%. These inspiring achievements light the way to the progress of the novel EMW absorbers, including the high targets of ultra-light and ultra-wide. • 1D tubular carbon fiber/Ni nanoparticles composites were obtained via carbonization process and in-situ hydrothermal method. • A minimum RL of up to −56.4 dB and an EAB of 8.6 GHz with a filling ratio of only 10 wt% was achieved. • The characteristic tubular carbon skeleton of Typha's fluff guarantees the formation of a well-conducting network of TN composites at a low over-permeation threshold.