Construct validity and test-retest reliability of a free mobile application for spatio-temporal gait analysis in Parkinson’s disease patients

Abstract

BackgroundMobile applications may be used to assess gait pattern deviation through mobile smartphones in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, few studies have investigated their psychometrics properties. Research questionTo study the construct validity and test-retest reliability of the RUNZI® free mobile application in people with mild to moderate PD. MethodsThirty individuals were evaluated with the RUNZI® app and with the 10-meter walking test (10 MW), simultaneously. In addition, the Timed Up & Go test (TUG), Tinetti scale, and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) were used to study the construct validity. Also, test-retest reliability of the mobile for spatio-temporal gait parameters was explored. ResultsThe correlation indices of the 10 MW test with the RUNZI® app at fast speeds was moderate to excellent (r = .588–.957). At a comfortable speed, the correlation was excellent for walking speed (r = 0.944), moderate for steps (r = 0.780) and stride length (r = 0.760), and poor for cadence (r = .424). Results showed significant correlations between TUG and spatio-temporal gait parameters at fast and comfortable speeds. There were no significant correlations or consistent associations between Tinetti and BBS and RUNZI®. The test-retest reliability was good to excellent for parameters measured with the RUNZI®. SignificanceOur findings highlight specific opportunities for a free smartphone-based spatio-temporal gait analysis to serve as a complement to conventional gait analysis methods in clinical practice with a moderate to excellent construct validity with the 10 MW test and good to excellent test-retest reliability in PD patients.