Abstract
Coal bottom ash (CBA) is one of the by-products that can be employed as fine aggregate to replace natural sand in concrete. Owing to the very low water demand, roller-compacted concrete (RCC) has the potential to use CBA as fine aggregate at a high proportion. However, little research about RCC using CBA entirely as fine aggregate has been conducted. In this study, the uniaxial compressive strength, deformation, stress–strain curves, and splitting tensile strength of CBA-containing RCC (CBA RCC) were studied to bridge this gap. The compressive strength, elasticity modulus, and splitting tensile strength of all mixtures decreased with increasing CBA content. The relationship between compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of CBA RCC was proposed, which is very close to that recommended by the CEB-FIP code. The uniaxial compressive constitutive model based on the continuum damage theory can well illustrate the stress–strain relationship of CBA RCC. The growth process of damage variable demonstrates the hybrid effect of coarse aggregate, cement, and compacting load on delaying damage under uniaxial compression. The theoretical formula can also accurately illustrate the stress–strain curves of RCC presented in the literature studies.
Highlights
Coal has been used progressively in the past 20 years as a fuel source around the world [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
There were only six fine vertical cracks, which were formed by running through the cap on one side of S15-2-3-1, and small buckle was formed on Figure 1 exhibits that the compressive strength becomes improved with increasing cement content
(2) The compressive strength and the splitting tensile strength of coal bottom ash (CBA) roller-compacted concrete (RCC) were found to be greatly improved with the increase in cement contents
Summary
Coal has been used progressively in the past 20 years as a fuel source around the world [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. The increase in coal consumption inevitably produces a large number of by-products, such as fly ash and coal bottom ash (CBA). CBA is an unfired material of coal burning; current output of CBA in the world is far greater than its utilization. A large portion of the total CBA is disposed of in landfills and/or ponds throughout the world, leading to expensive disposal costs, loss of resources and energy, and deterioration of the environment. Owing to its huge production and output, CBA disposed of in landfills and/or ponds pollutes groundwater and soil, resulting in very serious environmental problem for a country owning less land or consuming a lot of coal [2,13]. In order to protect the environment, sintered clay bricks have been banned in many countries, such as China. The application in the form of concrete is one of the most promising approaches to make use of large quantities of CBA [2,14,15]
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