Abstract

The response of a fluid-saturated porous body to a rapid change in external pressure is analysed using the theory of linear poroelasticity, accounting for compressible constituents. Because water is more compressible than most mineral grains, the sample initially undergoes undrained deformation accompanied by a negative excess pore pressure (suction). Subsequently, external fluid diffuses into the body, the effective compressive stresses relax, and the soil matrix expands. The initial excess pressure, undrained displacement, relaxation rate and asymptotic drained displacement are direct indicators of a pore pressure coefficient, the undrained bulk modulus, the consolidation coefficient and the solid constituent bulk modulus. Thus, measurements of the surface displacement and the pore pressure at one internal point determine four of the eight material properties needed to characterize fully a linearly elastic porous body. L'article analyse la réponse d'un corps poreux saturé de fluide à un changement rapide de la pression externe à l'aide de la théorie de la poroélasticité linéaire, prenant en considération les constituants compressibles. Parce que l'eau est plus compressible que la plupart des grains minéraux, au commencement l'échantillon subit une déformation non-drainée, accompagnée d'une surpression interstitielle négative (succion). Par la suite le fluide externe se diffuse dans le corps, les contraintes de compression effectives se relâchent et la matrice du sol se dilate. La surpression initiale, le déplacement non-drainé, la vitesse de relâchement et le déplacement drainé asymptotique représentent des indicateurs d'un coefficient de pression interstitielle, du module de masse non-drainée, du coefficient de consolidation et du module de masse des constituants solides. Les mesures du déplacement superficiel et de la pression interstitielle à un point interne déterminent quatre des huit proprié tés matérielles nécessaires pour la caractérisation complète d'un corps poreux linéairement élastique.

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