Abstract
Radio occultation (RO) sensor measurements have critical roles in numerical weather prediction (NWP) by complementing microwave and infrared sounder measurements with information of the atmospheric profiles at high accuracy, precision, and vertical resolution. This study evaluates Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate 2 (COSMIC-2) wet temperature and humidity data products’ consistency and stability through inter-comparison with SNPP advanced technology microwave sounder (ATMS) measurements. Through the community radiative transfer model (CRTM), brightness temperature (BT) at SNPP ATMS channels are simulated with COSMIC-2 retrieved atmospheric profiles from two versions of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) wet profiles (WETprf and WETpf2) as inputs to the CRTM simulation. The analysis was focused on ATMS sounding channels CH07–14 and CH19–22 with sounding weighting function peak heights from 3.2 to 35 km. The COSMIC-2 vs. ATMS inter-comparison indicates that their BT biases are consistent, and the latitudinal difference is <0.3 K over three latitudinal regions. The differences between the two versions of UCAR COSMIC-2 wet profiles are identified and attributed to the differences in the implementation of 1DVAR retrieval algorithms. The stability between UCAR near real-time COSMIC-2 wet profile data and ATMS measurements is also well-maintained. It is demonstrated that the well-sustained quality of COSMIC-2 RO data makes itself a well-suited reference sensor to capture the calibration update of SNPP ATMS. Furthermore, the impacts of the assimilation of COSMIC-2 data into the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model after 25 March 2020, are evaluated by trending observation-minus-background (O-B) biases, which confirms the statistically significant positive impacts of COSMIC-2 on the ECMWF reanalysis. The validation of stability and consistency between COSMIC-2 and SNPP ATMS ensures the quality of RO and microwave sounder data assimilated into the NWP models.
Highlights
With a continuous record from 1980 till the passive satellite microwave (i.e., microwave sounding unit (MSU) and the advanced microwave sounding unit (AMSU)) [1–5]and infrared (IR) sounders (i.e., high-resolution infrared radiation sounders (HIRS)) [6,7]have been used to detect long-term variations of atmospheric vertical thermal distributions [8,9]
This study focuses on inter-comparing COSMIC-2 temperature and humidity profiles with the collocated measurements from SuomiNational Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) advanced technology microwave sounder (ATMS) sounding channels CH07 to CH14 and ATMS CH19 to CH22
The community radiative transfer model (CRTM)-simulated brightness temperature (BT) data using COSMIC-2 wet temperature and specific humidity profiles from either UCAR Wet Profile (WETPrf) or Wet Profile #2 (WETPf2) data products as inputs have been analyzed and referred to BTCOSMIC-2,WETPrf, and BTCOSMIC-2,WETPf2, respectively. These simulated BT data are compared with SNPP ATMS measurements to derive the BT bias, i.e., ∆BT = BTCOSMIC-2 − BTATMS, for the ATMS channels of interest, e.g., CH07
Summary
With a continuous record from 1980 till the passive satellite microwave (i.e., microwave sounding unit (MSU) and the advanced microwave sounding unit (AMSU)) [1–5]and infrared (IR) sounders (i.e., high-resolution infrared radiation sounders (HIRS)) [6,7]have been used to detect long-term variations of atmospheric vertical thermal distributions [8,9]. With a continuous record from 1980 till the passive satellite microwave (i.e., microwave sounding unit (MSU) and the advanced microwave sounding unit (AMSU)) [1–5]. Microwave (MW) temperature climate data records (CDRs) generated by several groups [10] have been used to quantify the global warming signals in both the troposphere and the lower stratosphere [11–14]. The advanced technology microwave sounder (ATMS) instrument onboard the Suomi. National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) spacecraft is the first in a series of nextgeneration weather satellites of the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS), which was launched. The ATMS is a cross-track scanning microwave radiometer with. It provides sounding observations for civilian operational weather forecasting and continuity of these measurements for climate monitoring purposes. ATMS has played a critical role in improving the global medium-range weather forecast and monitoring/predicting severe weather events [15–20].
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