Abstract
Most often, electrical consumers in the residential and educational sectors are different from industrial electrical consumers. Whereas the vast majority of industrial electrical consumers are low-voltage, three-phase (with three or four wires), electrical consumers in the residential and educational sectors are low-voltage, single-phase. However, in practice, electrical consumers in the residential and educational sectors are in large numbers. Usually, current and voltage unbalances are lower in the industrial sector compared to the residential and educational sectors, where there are a large number of low-voltage, single-phase consumers that are connected/disconnected in an uncontrollable way and that need to be wired and balanced on each phase of power transformers from power substations. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of electrical balance and improve the power factor in the power substation from residential and educational sectors. The paper investigates the current and voltage unbalance of nonlinear con sumers in the residential and educational sectors. For this purpose, we performed measurements in the laboratory and the power substation to investigate the unbalance in the three-phase system. Laboratory measurements were made in the unbalanced operation of the single-phase electrical consumers connected at three-phase system. The measurements from power substation were carried out after the electrical consumers were uniformly spread among the three phases from the low-voltage power network, on two different days: a workday and a weekend day. The current and apparent power unbalance were reduced and the power factor was improved using the capacitive single-phase electric consumers (e.g., personal computers, which are in large numbers in such sectors) evenly across the phases.
Highlights
In the last decades, the widespread use of power electronics from equipment used in the home, as well as huge and costly industrial processes, have increased the awareness of power quality issues and concerns
A number of power quality indices are defined in the time domain and others power quality indices are defined in the frequency domain, depending on the purpose of the application [7,8,9,10,11,12]
We show the unbalance and balance of electric consumers using laboratory experiments and measurements made in the PCC of a residential and educational electrical power substation, on two different days
Summary
The widespread use of power electronics from equipment used in the home, as well as huge and costly industrial processes, have increased the awareness of power quality issues and concerns. The knowledge of balancing these single-phase nonlinear consumers is important to understand the behavior of these loads in different operation modes in low-voltage, three-phase power supplies. In this sector, consumers supplied by SMPS are in the same rooms so they can supply in groups. Electric consumers in the residential and educational sectors are nonlinear and low-power, but there are many and they are connected/disconnected in an uncontrollable way (it is extremely difficult to simulate this for a large number of electric consumers) If they (groups of consumers, or different rezistive-inductive (R-L) types) are distributed uniformly approximately by phases, it is possible to achieve an approximate balancing on currents and an improvement of the power factor. In the sixth and seventh sections, the paper presents discussions and conclusions about the balance of electric consumers in residential and educational sectors
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