Conservative Politics and the Tourism Industry: Realities and Prospects

The modern tourism market is undergoing significant transformations under the influence of globalization, technological progress, digitalization of the economy, and the growing focus on sustainable development. The relevance of developing new types of tourism is justified by the need to adapt the tourism sector to global challenges and transformations related to climate change, urbanization, increasing anthropogenic pressure, environmental preservation, and ensuring the sustainable socio-economic development of tourism destinations. Purpose of the Study. The aim of the article is to provide a scientific justification for the modification of traditional and the development of new types of tourism that align with the principles of sustainable development and create prerequisites for forming a responsible and conscious tourism environment. Object of the Study. The research focuses on emerging types of tourism that arise in response to societal changes, technological innovations, and the need for environmentally responsible travel. Research Methods. The study employs methods of system analysis, comparative research, analysis of tourism trends, and content analysis of scientific and analytical sources. Research Hypothesis. It is assumed that modifying traditional and emerging new types of tourism is a natural response to contemporary challenges, and their further development will contribute to harmonizing the economic growth of the tourism sector with environmental and socio-cultural aspects. Main Findings. The study examines current trends in the development of new types of tourism in line with the concept of sustainable development. These trends demonstrate the recovery of the tourism sector after the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in international tourist flows, and rising revenues for travel and tourism market participants. However, economic and geopolitical challenges continue to pose significant risks to the sector in 2025. The paper analyzes key factors influencing the transformation of traditional tourism practices and the emergence of new travel formats aimed at minimizing negative environmental impacts, supporting local communities, and preserving cultural heritage. The study identifies and categorizes modified and newly emerging types of tourism, including digital, ecological, emotional, individualized, and integrated tourism, according to the principles of sustainable tourism. The research highlights the importance of expanding tourism opportunities considering sustainable development, climate change adaptation, digitalization, and evolving tourist needs. The proposed approaches contribute to the harmonious development of the industry and the integration of tourism into the global economy. Originality and Practical Significance. The study expands the scientific understanding of contemporary tourism trends, which is useful for shaping tourism policies, developing new tourism products as marketing objects, and adapting business models to market changes. Conclusions and Prospects for Further Research. The findings confirm the necessity for the tourism industry to adapt to new challenges and shifts in consumer preferences. It is summarized that modifying traditional types of tourism involves integrating new technologies, focusing on sustainable development, and adapting to rapidly changing conditions (environmental, economic, social). These transformations not only help maintain the popularity of classical tourism forms but also enhance their efficiency and adaptability in new realities. The newly emerging types of tourism reflect economic and societal changes driven by technological innovations, environmental shifts, new social trends, and individuals’ desire for new opportunities for self-realization and recreation. Further research may focus on the study and development of marketing strategies for tourism types relevant to modern Ukraine, such as veteran tourism, volunteer tourism, dark tourism, creative tourism, cultural heritage tourism, and others.

Management of tourist destinations abroad over many years is the subject of research and practical elaborations. The key aim of destination management is ensuring its competitiveness. To achieve this goal, experts offer a variety of approaches, methods, mechanisms. Based on the composition of the management system for tourist destinations, the article presents the trends in this field which are pertinent to Russia. First of all, to such trends can be related development of tourist resources as creation and promotion of conceptual tourist resources. A relatively new trend is the development of private and corporate museums. To Russian trends in destination management can be attributed integration of tourist sites in the tourism industry due to a more comprehensive utilization of tourist technologies in display and interpretation. Of course, an important trend is the development of information technologies in tourism, tourist navigation systems. To the list of trends should be added diversification of tourism products of destinations through the development of new types of tourism. The article shows the transition to the tourism product customization by offering tourists the opportunity to form desired tour packages. The article presents the results of the analysis of governance in the management of tourist destinations. The article substantiates the conclusion that tourist destinations are transformed from usual tourist regions into territorial structural units of the tourism industry, with extensive capabilities to meet diverse needs of tourism; resulting in: development of new types of tourism and forming conceptual tourism products; improvement of tourism infrastructure, including its information and service components; improving the quality of services provided. For businesses also uncover some opportunities in terms of entrepreneurial initiatives.

The development of new types of tourism (stand-alone, connected or components), from marketing experience, implies a broad spectrum of challenges, which, placed in a planned background, has the purpose the creation and then, the development of tourism products that correspond, at least, to consumers’ expectations. In order to optimize the new type of tourism, it is necessary to be correlated with the relevant resources of the destination, which, harmonized, can lead to the elaboration of destination marketing strategies, in this situation being the medical tourism, component of health tourism. Key-words : health tourism, medical tourism, medical tourism destination marketing

This paper discusses the features of the development of the recreational industry in the Central Asian region of Russia, using the example of the Yuzhno-Minusinskaya depression. Current trends in the global economy are associated with the closure of borders, redirecting tourist flows inland. The development of this industry in recent years has been eco-centric. Therefore, the involvement of specially protected natural areas (SPNA) in this activity has become a necessary step, allowing not only to help in preserving the environment, but also to instill a respect for nature. With the well-coordinated work of local travel agencies, the administration and the population, it is possible to most effectively fill and diversify the rest for visiting tourists, to ensure a high educational interest in the cultural and natural values of the region, and with a high level of development of transport infrastructure, collective accommodation facilities and competent elaboration of routes, make the region attractive to tourists.mass tourism throughout the year. The historical heritage inherited by the study area from the middle of the 20th century has become the basis for the modern development of the recreational industry. At the same time, new types of tourism are developing very quickly and effectively, and thus make the rest even more intense and interesting. By combining all the information into a common spatial model, you can move on to a higher rank of research activity – forecasting and planning, for which, in our opinion, it is most convenient to use cartographic constructions

The article is devoted to topical issues of restoration and renewal of the processes of operation of tourist enterprises on the market. The content of the restoration of the activity of tourist enterprises in the difficult conditions of the continuation of military operations is considered, it is emphasized that the market of tourist services is formed, restored, developed and produces the appearance of new types of tourism in the relevant territory thanks to various acts of reproduction and renewal in this space. It is shown that the field of tourism itself in peacetime is a factor in changing the competitive strategy of the economy and regional development of Ukraine. Methods. The aim of the article is to substantiate the theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of cruise tourism, study its state, reveal its role in ensuring sustainable development and provide practical recommendations for further growth of the potential of the cruise industry. Results. The questions of the economic and financial revival of the tourism sphere and the birth of new types and methods of travel and recreation are revealed. It is emphasized the need to modernize tourism, update the methods and principles of management of tourist and infrastructure resources, taking into account the conditions of modern challenges, threats and the introduction of digitalization as a management tool, improvement of tourist business processes. Scientific novelty. The key aspects of the impact of digitalization on the development of the economy and tourism in modern conditions are considered. It is proved that ensuring the modernization of types of tourism, as a component of the competitive strategy of the economy in Ukraine, must be carried out by identifying new sources of financial income, establishing an effective connection between the needs of the market of tourist services and sectors of the tourism industry, increasing the efficiency and influence of modern Ukrainian tourism on the gross domestic product due to tourism spending. Practical significance. Given the specificity of tourism and its importance in the national and regional economy, as well as the fact that this sector of the economy covers almost all sectors of the economy and stimulates their development, it is important to determine the competitive advantages that form new species in the tourism industry. The article highlights the most important factors in the development of types of tourism in the post-war period, the economic growth of both branches and enterprises of the tourism industry, and the country as a whole, and the prospects for the development of certain types of cruise business in Ukraine are determined. Key words: tourism sphere, tourism development, types of tourism, tourism modernization, competitive strategies, solidarity tourism, development factors.

РОЛЬ ДЕРЖАВИ В РОЗВИТКУ МЕДИЧНОГО ТУРИЗМУ В УКРАЇНІ

Objectives: The study aims to analyze the perceptions and interest of "Luigj Gurakuqi" University students towards a career in the tourism and hotel industry. It focuses on understanding their preferences, assessing opportunities for growth and advancement, and identifying factors considered important for success in this field. Theoretical Framework: The study is grounded in a thorough literature review that examines existing research on student perceptions and preferences related to employment in the tourism industry. This review provides context and identifies relevant studies that inform the research objectives. Method: The methodology involves the use of a structured questionnaire to gather demographic data and perceptions from students. The study employs a quantitative approach to analyze the collected data, identifying relationships and trends. Results and Discussion: The results reveal students' perceptions regarding employment in the tourism industry, highlighting the influence of factors such as age, gender, place of residence, and field of study on their career goals. The analysis offers insights into the expectations and needs of students in relation to careers in the tourism and hospitality sector. Research Implications: The study's findings contribute valuable knowledge for understanding student expectations and needs concerning tourism careers. This information can be used by educators, industry professionals, and policymakers to better support students in their career aspirations within the tourism and hospitality industry, thereby supporting Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs), which aims to promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all. Originality/Value: The study provides a unique and in-depth analysis of "Luigj Gurakuqi" University students' perceptions and interests in the tourism industry. It adds to the body of literature by offering specific insights into the factors influencing students' career goals and preferences in this sector.

The current trend in tourism is no longer one of relaxation in the two important seasons but of experiential tourism, developing of new types of tourism, each country identifying (but especially reinventing) its own potential and promoting it below the form of innovative tourist packages and/or products and/or services. Innovation as a concept is setting up the scene for economic growth and is an important tool for economic progress and competitiveness. The aim of this research is to make a bibliometric analysis to find out the most important aspects of innovation linked to tourism as sustainable solutions for tourism in emerging economies. As methods for bibliometric analysis the VOSviewer 1.6.18 software was used on the Web of Science papers to find out the research concepts linked to innovation and tourism. Also, we applied Google Trends search for some of the newest types of tourism to find out the interest of tourists over the last two decades (2010 – 2023) for innovative products from tourism industry (such as: babymoon, adventure, medical, dental, hunting, ecotourism, heritage, museum, etc.). The results emphasis the relation between innovation, tourism, information technology (internet, smart tourism, innovative technology), stakeholders (governments, organizations, municipalities, communities), tourism experience, tourism destination, tourism services, product innovation, competitiveness advantages, economic development, performance, cultural heritage, rural area, ecotourism.

In the current difficult situation in foreign policy there is a gradual change in Russia in the structure of the tourist flows; analysts have noted an increase in demand for domestic tourism. The author considers the prospects for further development of domestic tourism in the Russian Federation, taking into account the fact that in today´s world, the migration of values and the economy acquire a new direction. Recognition of individual impressions of economic proposals is a pledge for economic growth in the future. Jeremy Rifkin believes that the demand for labor in the service sector will fall, as in the past, thanks to the automation and higher productivity, but it will not lead to a general unemployment. There will be new proposals; there will be a new wave of economic activity that will provide unprecedented opportunities for career growth and welfare. Those companies who are aware of the transition are taking place to a new kind of economy and effectively react to it. It will be easy to resist forced down prices and create a qualitatively new consumer value. The author gives examples of the activity of Russian cities and regions in the tourism sector, which are increasingly taking on the traits of the new economy of experiences. Tourism products cease to be a massive and standardized at the forefront personalization. Travel companies are developing new routes with the new fashion trends. More actively developed are new types of tourism: ecological, extreme, event, gastronomic, etc. Modern consumers are acutely aware of their aesthetic and cognitive needs, demands from enterprises in the tourism and hospitality innovative offers, seeking new experiences. Consequently, they become important new economic factor that deserves attention in the tourism industry. Marketers engaged in promoting goods and services, develop new tools in the industry of experience marketing, acting not only on the mind of the consumer, but on their feelings, trying to hurt "for a living." That is why the travel agencies that implement tours, rely on memories and pleasant emotions and souvenirs reinforce the brightest and most pleasant moments of the trip. The author has set the task to identify the Russian trends in the transition to an economy of experiences and organize the domestic experience of regional marketing in the new format.

The article examines the use of exoticism and exotic tourism in Ukraine. Nature, art and culture of African and Asian countries are often associated with exoticism. However, exoticism is not only about the sun, the sea, the beach, unusual fruits, kangaroos or the culture of eating sushi. In fact, everything that is unusual for a tourist’s place of ordinary residence, interesting and unusual for him can be called exotic in tourist trips. Therefore, Ukraine can also be considered an exotic country for foreign visitors. So, in our country, foreigners are attracted by the authentic traditional crafts of Ukrainians, their culture, unusual customs and traditions, unique culinary traditions, health practices, intangible cultural heritage. It has been established that at the current stage of the dynamic development of tourism, exotic tours are in particular demand among tourists. Usual tour programs have lost their relevance, therefore, in search of new experiences, tourists discover a new direction of tourism – exotic trips. It was found that exotic tourism in the country has every chance to become a popular and competitive tourism field, which will provide an opportunity to increase the state’s income from the tourism industry and create an additional source of foreign exchange earnings, which will be especially relevant in the post-war period. It was determined that it is expedient for the development of exotic tourism in Ukraine to support, popularize and finance promising “young” tourist destinations. Such, for example, are unusual SPAs – procedures with bees and wine therapy, these are the directions that will be promising for the development of exotic tourism in Ukraine, namely in the Ivano-Frankivsk, Chernivtsi and Zakarpattia regions. The outlined directions for the development of exotic tourism in Ukraine are among the important exotic tourist resources, the use of which in exotic and other tours will give the opportunity to expand the range of offers to travel companies, attract new potential tourists (both foreign and domestic), popularize Ukraine as an exotic country that in turn, will contribute to the development of new types of tourism and bring income to the tourism sphere of Ukraine.

The state of development of extreme tourism in Ukraine is investigated in the paper. According to the results of research, it has been established that exotic destinations of extreme rest are more popular. Тhe reason for this is that the resorts of Turkey and Egypt, which now belong to the category of mass tourism recreation, can not fully satisfy the interest of customers. The most popular types of extreme tourism in Ukraine are characterized and their cost is given. It is known that the practice of extreme tourism is not cheap sports, it can negatively affect the number of extreme people who can afford this type of recreation. The tourist territories of Ukraine, which have more than enough potential for the development of various types of active tourism, including extreme view: the Carpathians, Dniester, Polesie, Bug, Black Sea. It was determined that the tourist region of Dniester is especially interesting for popular rafting. It has been also determined that among the extreme types of tourism, military tours are popular, trips to abandoned industrial facilities, especially to the Chernobyl zone. It has been substantiated that Ukraine has all the resources for the development of an extreme type of tourism, therefore this direction may become attractive for attracting the value of the number of foreign tourists. This will accelerate the improvement of the quality of services, development of infrastructure of extreme tourism in Ukraine. In order to develop the tourism industry, special attention should be paid to the directions of development of the tourism industry in Ukraine: the creation of a unified training system for tourism industry in accordance with international standards; consolidation of the received knowledge in production, organization of measures for internship at the main tourist enterprises in Ukraine and abroad, exchange of experience; introduction of innovative marketing tools for the recognition and development of tourism in Ukraine; ensuring the development of an innovative type of tourism – extreme tourism in Ukraine, including the expense of state support.

Tourism is an ever evolving and a dynamic industry which can play a crucial role in increasing income and in providing employment opportunities in an economy. India especially with its rich heritage, culture and geographical landscapes has always had immense potential to become a leading tourist destination. Presently the major types of tourism prevalent in India are Medical Tourism, Rural/ Natural Tourism, Religious Tourism and Historical& Educational Tourism. In 2018-19, the tourism sector contributed around 5% to India’s GDP. However with the health shock of Covid-19, the tourism sector has taken a major hit since early 2020, with several people losing their jobs in the tourism and hospitality sector when different states imposed lockdowns and took various measures to curb the pandemic. As restrictions in each state eased during the first wave of the pandemic, different states in India adopted various policies to revive the tourism industry. But to understand the effectiveness of these policies in each state/ UT, one needs to investigate the baseline at which the Tourism industry was before the pandemic hit the country. This paper attempts to look at the differential performances of states and UTs of India in tourism by categorizing them into various types of tourism between 1947 until March 2020.This paper aims to act as a base for further analysing the impact of this pandemic on Tourism across states in India.

With the heat of emerging the Metaverse concept, the application of Virtual Reality (VR) technology has been elevated. VR’s importance is continuously growing due to its distinctive core traits, especially in the tourism and hospitality sectors. It is imperative to explore how VR adds value to its users. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore how tourism and hospitality industry service providers effectively engage with VR technology to enhance customer value. The study used qualitative research methodology and the phenomenological approach to extract the essence of this specific phenomenon. By unifying the noema, noesis, and intentionality concepts, the researchers captured the eight respondents' experiences regarding VR. Data collection was undertaken using in-depth interviews with respondents and analysis of data was completed using the generic qualitative data analysis procedure. As per the findings, from the service provider’s perspective, VR technology adds value to the customers of the hospitality and tourism industries in two ways; addressing customer issues through utility and by developing pleasant sensations. The result of this research study allows hoteliers to comprehend the importance of utilising VR to gain a sustainable competitive advantage by enhancing customer value. This research query will shine a new light on modern tourism and hospitality industry. VR technology is evolving rapidly, therefore future research should be constantly re-validated through continuous investigation of how VR can be used in the hospitality and tourism industry.

The hospitality and tourism industry is considered as a backbone for growth of any economy, especially in developing countries like India. COVID-19 pandemic has impacted almost every industry in the world, however its adverse impact on the hospitality and tourism sector have been unseen or unheard before. In India, the hotels and hospitality sector has heavily declined in the first quarter of 2020 because COVID-19 has impacted various segments of this sector. The nationwide lockdown has closed hotel and travel sectors, which block all their earnings sources of the industries. To come out from this horrible situation, hotels and tourism sector of India has to frame new strategies in the near term and prepare for the future. From the various study, it has been noted that hospitality and tourism sector of India has affected significantly due to COVID-19. The industry has shown large-scale cancellations of travel bookings and hotel accommodations. A notable number of workers of the industries had lost their jobs due to this crisis. Economy of the country as well as individuals were affected adversely due to this pandemic. Present paper evaluates the impact of the COVID-19 (Corona virus disease-2019) pandemic in India’s hospitality and tourism industries during COVID-19 outbreak period with comparison with normal situation.

Formulation of the problem. Infrastructure can be a factor of certain industries’ development in the service sector. Conversely, the development of the service sector may stimulate infrastructure development. Analysis of recent research and publications. Most of the research is devoted to issues of infrastructure and services separately, but not to the mutual influence of infrastructure and services. Selection of previously unsettled parts of the general problem. For studying the peculiarities of the mutual influence of the motor transport network and specific types of tourism in the Western region of Ukraine the motor transport infrastructure was considered as part of general infrastructure and tourism industry as part of service sector. Formulating the purpose of the paper. The purpose of the paper is the human and geographical analysis of the motor transport network of the Western region of Ukraine and spreading of the most developed types of tourism in the region in order to identify the features of their geospatial interdependence. Presentation of the main research material. The network of public automobile roads in the Western region of Ukraine is rather dense, which corresponds to the level of development of the tourism industry in the oblasts. There is a territorial gravity of the subjects of the hotel business and tourist flows to the places of a developed network of automobile roads. In order to analyze the motor transport and tourism spheres for correspondences between them, two classification criteria of types of tourism are selected: according to the way of travel and the purpose of travel. The types of tourism identified for each criterion can be linearly ordered in accordance with the predominant category of automobile roads. Conclusions. Automobile type of tourism uses the ways of travel on all available automobile roads. Cycling type is localized on all types of automobile roads, except international motorways. Pedestrian tourism tends to places where there are no roads of any class at all. Business tourism tends to the administrative and business centers that are on the priority automobile roads. Cognitive tourism tends to the natural, historical and cultural objects, while health tourism tends to the specialized health centers, mainly resorts. Pilgrim and nostalgic tourism occupy mostly lower levels of the hierarchy of automobile roads, although some nostalgic travels can be found in large cities. Fishing and, especially, hunting tourism tends to areas with no automobile roads.