Abstract
Bromeliaceae is restricted to the Neotropical region and has a high degree of endemism, which contributes to increased biodiversity because of the diverse morphological characteristics of individuals. In order to develop an in vitro conservation technology to obtain plants for reintroduction, seeds of Vriesea flammea L.B.Sm. were collected, sterilized and germinated in culture medium. The plants obtained were cultured for 180 days in MS medium with different concentrations of mineral nutrients (25 and 50% of nitrogenous salts and macronutrients), and different concentrations of sucrose (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 g L-1), and then acclimatized for 150 days on commercial substrate. When seeds were sterilized directly, only 4% of them were contaminated, whereas sterilization of capsules resulted in 43.6% contaminated seeds. Germination rates above 80% were recorded. Low concentrations of nitrogenous salts and macronutrients produced greater than 76% survival and promoted greater in vitro plant development than the complete MS medium. The development of the aerial system, root system, fresh mass and photosynthetic pigments were positively related to sucrose concentration in vitro. The highest sucrose concentration also indirectly promoted greater development of the aerial system and fresh mass of acclimatized plants. We established conditions for in vitro cultivation and acclimatization for efficient propagation of V. flammea with a view towards conservation of the species or reestablishment of natural populations.
Highlights
Bromeliaceae is one of the largest families of flowering plants in the Neotropical region, with about 58 genera and 3,408 described species (Luther, 2014; Stevens, 2013)
Bromeliaceae is restricted to the Neotropical region and has a high degree of endemism, which contributes to increased biodiversity because of the diverse morphological characteristics of individuals
The family possesses four centers of diversity corresponding to Central America, the Andes, the Guiana Shield and the Atlantic Forest (Givnish et al, 2011), the latter region is characterized by the presence of epiphytic vascular plants (Kersten, 2010), among which Bromeliaceae is one of the most abundant families with a high degree of endemism (Martinelli et al, 2008; Martinelli and Moraes, 2013)
Summary
Bromeliaceae is one of the largest families of flowering plants in the Neotropical region, with about 58 genera and 3,408 described species (Luther, 2014; Stevens, 2013). The extractivism of native species of bromeliads, which have high ornamental value, has led several species to the threat of extinction (Martinelli and Moraes, 2013), many of which are still classified as data deficient for evaluation. In order to reduce anthropic pressures on natural species, in addition to the use of in situ strategies such as the creation of Conservation Units, ex situ conservation strategies have been implemented, among which the use of in vitro culture and other biotechnological tools have proven to be effective for the propagation and conservation of species (Benson, 1999; Decruse et al, 2003; Aggarwal et al, 2012; Endres Junior et al, 2015; 2018). Plants can be used for live botanical collections and/or restoration and reintroduction programs in natural habitats (Benson, 1999; Decruse et al, 2003; Aggarwal et al, 2012; Endres Junior et al, 2015, 2018)
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