Abstract
The dispersal of chemical pollutants by diffusion and convection in a fluid medium may be described in terms of a second-order partial differential equation for the concentration as a function of the spatial coordinates and the time. This dispersal equation is derived by applying the principle of the conservation of mass. From the conservation of energy principle an analogous equation may be derived for the dispersal of thermal energy by the processes of conduction, convection, and radiation. Special forms of these dispersal equations reduce to the standard partial differential equation for diffusion and heat conduction; and other special forms of the dispersal equation may be applied to study the cases in which the chemical material or the thermal energy is dispersed by convective motion in the fluid.
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