Conotrachelus psidii Marshall. [Distribution map

Simple SummaryThe South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus, is an important fruit pest. Males of this species are sexually stimulated by odors released by one of their main hosts, Psidium guajava (guava) fruit. Stimulated males release more pheromone and perform sexual displays more frequently than males that did not perceive fruit odors. This phenomenon was documented only for guava, a native host, whereas odors from other, exotic host species, such as mango, grapefruit and orange, do not trigger any stimulation in males. This might indicate that the male response is only triggered by native hosts, with which they have a common evolutionary history. Here we studied the effect of odors released by fruits of other four native host species of A. fraterculus sp. 1, namely Eugenia myrcianthes, Juglans australis, Psidium cattleianum, and Acca sellowiana, using guava as a positive control. Sexual displays and mating success were only affected by guava (as expected) and P. cattleianum. Interestingly, the two species belong to the same plant genus, which suggests a strong evolutionary relationship between A. fraterculus sp. 1 and, possibly plants of this genus. The present findings could help improving the sterile insect technique, an efficient pest control method widely used against fruit flies.Anastrepha fraterculus sp.1 males are sexually stimulated by the aroma of fruit of its native host Psidium guajava (guava). Other hosts, which are exotic to A. fraterculus, do not enhance male sexual behavior. Here we evaluate the effects of fruit volatile exposure on male A. fraterculus sp. 1 sexual performance using other native hosts, under the hypothesis that male improvement derives from a common evolutionary history between A. fraterculus sp. 1 and its native hosts. Four species were evaluated: Eugenia myrcianthes, Juglans australis, Psidium cattleianum, and Acca sellowiana. Guava was used as a positive control. Males were exposed to fruit from 12:00 pm to 4:00 pm, from day 8 to day 11 post-emergence. On day 12, we evaluated their calling behavior and mating success. Both guava and P. cattleianum enhanced calling behavior. Mating success was enhanced only by guava and a trend was found for P. cattleianum. Interestingly, the two hosts belong to the Psidium genus. A volatile analysis is planned to identify the compounds responsible for this phenomenon. The other native fruits did not improve the sexual behavior of males. Implications of our findings in the management of A. fraterculus sp. 1 are discussed.

Nutritional and nutraceutical comparison of Jamaican Psidium cattleianum (strawberry guava) and Psidium guajava (common guava) fruits

Bladder cancer is a relevant human health problem worldwide. Although a number of chemotherapies are available, many of them present unwanted side effects and are prone to develop resistance to treatment, so they eventually become ineffective, causing low survival rates. The search for selective cytotoxic (antiproliferative) activities on cancer cells from wild plant extracts has markedly increased in recent years. In this work, the antiproliferative effect of total alcoholic extracts of leaf and flowers from feijoa or guayabo del país (Feijoa sellowiana) and arazá (Psidium cattleyanum) was evaluated. Cytotoxic activity was assessed based on resazurin and sulforhodamine B assays on RT4, HT1197 and EJ138 bladder cancer cell lines. The obtained results indicated that an extract of arazá flower (ExAF) showed a strong, concentration-dependent antiproliferative activity. Furthermore, ExAF revealed high selectivity with very low cytotoxic effects on the keratinocyte-derived HaCaT cell line. In this way, ExAF would be a promising candidate for further studying its antitumor activity. These results contribute to the valorization of these native species by expanding their potential use in new technological areas.

The objective of this study was to determine the spatial patterns and associations of the South American fruit fly (Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann); Diptera: Tephritidae) and its parasitoids in organic orchards of common guava and pineapple guava. The field study was conducted from Feb to Mar 2010 in 2 organically-managed orchards, one of common guava (Psidium guajava L.) (Myrtaceae) and the other of pineapple guava [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret] (Myrtaceae), in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, Brazil. Fruits were sampled from all trees at 2 sampling occasions, spaced 15 days apart, just before fruits were in the final maturation period. On each tree, 10 fruits were randomly collected from the entire canopy and held in the laboratory until the flies had pupated. Heterogeneity of insect count data was analyzed by fitting theoretical distributions to the data and calculating dispersion indices. The spatial arrangement was evaluated with SADIE. Local spatial associations were measured using a SADIE association index (I t a). In a common guava orchard the emerged individuals were A. fraterculus, and its parasitoid, Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) (Par) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with a parasitism rate of 8.3%. The same 2 species occurred in a pineapple guava orchard, where the parasitism rate was 25.5%. The variances of the data for both the A. fraterculus and D. areolatus were greater than the corresponding means for most cases, hence the significance of both the dispersion index (I) and the values of k of the negative binomial suggested an aggregated distribution pattern. On the other hand, the clustering indices (v i. and v j ) and I t a suggested a random spatial pattern of A. fraterculus and the parasitoid for most situations (orchards and sampling times). Spatial association indices revealed significant associations for 5 of the 12 pair-wise comparisons, 3 in the common guava orchard and 2 in the pineapple guava orchard.

<p>The use of resistant rootstocks could be a promising method to control nematode<bold>Meloidogyne enterolobii</bold>in commercial plantations of guava. The present study aimed to evaluate the success of grafting guava as a scion on accessions of cattley guava as rootstocks resistant to<bold> M. enterolobii.</bold>The treatments consisted of the rootstocks cattley guava plants (three accessions of<bold> Psidium cattleyanum</bold>) and common guava (control). In the apical wedge grafting method, scion of Paluma cultivated variety was used. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four treatments and five replicates, and eight plants per plot. The saplings produced as described before were planted in the field where the initial growth of the different combinations were evaluated. Graft success was observed for the control (common guava) and for accessions 115 and 117 of cattley guava plants, with success rates of 63, 32 and 29%, respectively. In the field, the cattley guava used as rootstocks hampered Paluma canopy development and caused death of plants. Incompatibility of <bold>P. cattleyanum</bold>as rootstocks for<bold> P. guajava</bold>Paluma was confirmed one year after cultivation in field.</p>

Host Range of Puccinia psidii, a Potential Biological Control Agent of Melaleuca quinquenervia in Florida

Guava (Psidium guajava) is a minor fruit in Kenya. The fruit exists in various flesh colours. There is, however, limited information on the influence of flesh colour on guava fruit morphological characteristics. Such information would be vital for processing of the fruit into various products and also form a basis for future breeding programmes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of guava fruit flesh colour on fruit morphological characteristics. The study was conducted in three sub-counties, which are situated in different agro ecological zones; Wundanyi (Upper midland zone), Mwatate (Lower midland) and Voi (Inner lowland) in Taita Taveta County of Kenya. The various flesh colours domesticated include; red fleshed, white fleshed, pink fleshed and strawberry guava. Majority of the fruits sampled in Wundanyi were white fleshed (20%); while those sampled in Mwatate were red fleshed (29%). Strawberry guava recorded the least (3%). Strawberry guava differed significantly from white, pink and red fleshed in Mwatate and Voi regions recording the lowest values in fruit width, length, weight, endocarp thickness, pericarp thickness and number of seeds. Highest fruit weight was recorded by pink fleshed fruit (84.5 g) from Mwatate region; while the lowest 3.8 g was recorded by strawberry guava from Voi region. These variations are essential for future guava improvement programmes, targeting fruits for fresh consumption and industrial processing as well. Overall, red fleshed guava is fleshier and less seeded compared to the white and pink fleshed guavas thus more suitable for consumption both as a fresh fruit and making processed products.

We are taking a plant of Guava (Psidium guajava) for our project. Guava is a tropical fruit-bearing plant native to Central and South America, though it is now grown in many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Here’s a comprehensive guide to guava plants: Botanical Classification, Family: Myrtaceae, Genus: Psidium, Species: Psidium guajava3 It has a place with phylum: Mangoliophyta, class: Mangoliopsida and Myrtaceae family6. Plant Description: Size: Guava is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree or shrub, typically growing to a height of 3-10 meters (10-33 feet), Leaves: The leaves are opposite, simple, elliptic to oval-shaped, and about 5–15 cm long. They have a smooth upper surface and a hairy underside, Flowers: Guava flowers are white with multiple stamens, fragrant, and about 2–3 cm in diameter. They grow singly or in small clusters in the leaf axils, Fruits: The guava fruit can be round, oval, or pear-shaped. The skin can be green, yellow, or pinkish when ripe, and the flesh may be white, pink, red, or yellow with numerous tiny seeds. Fruits have a distinct musky, sweet fragrance. Varieties of Guava: There are many varieties of guava, differing in size, colour, and taste: Common guava (Psidium guajava): This is the most cultivated species. Strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum): Produces smaller fruits with a strawberry-like flavor. Apple guava: Produces larger, round fruits similar to apples in size and shape. Growing Conditions: Temperature: 20-30 degree C, Soil PH : 5.5- 6.5, Soil type : sandy loam soil with organic matter, Sun light : full sun light ideal guava growth, Watering : regular watering and consistent moisture. Propagation Methods: Seeds: Guava can be propagated from seeds, but this method takes longer and may not produce true-to-type fruits. Cuttings: A more reliable method for propagation is by rooting semi-hardwood cuttings. Air Layering: Another common method is air layering, which encourages root growth on branches still attached to the mother plant. Grafting: Guava can also be grafted to ensure the offspring is true to the parent plant. Harvesting: Depending on the variety, climate and ready to harvest 3-6 month after flowering1. Economic Importance: Top producers countries India, China, Brazil, Mexico and Thailand and Indian export value off guava $300 million in (2020-21). Hamiduzzaman et al. (1997) revealed from Bangladesh that shrivel rate was most extreme when seedlings were vaccinated by F. Oxysporum & F. Sp. Psidii alongside the nematodes H. Dihystera and H. indicus2. Uses of Guava: Culinary: Guavas are consumed raw, juiced, or used in cooking and baking. Rejuvenating oil is available in leaves which contain α-pinene, limonene, β-pinene, isopropyl liquor, menthol, terpenyl acetic acid derivation, caryophyllene, longicyclene and β-bisabolene. Oleanolic corrosive is likewise found in guava leaves11. They are popular in jams, jellies, desserts, and beverages. Nutritional Value: Guava is rich in vitamin C, dietary fiber, and antioxidants. It has musky exceptional smell when matured which is solid yet charming8 .It's also a good source of vitamin A, potassium, and folic acid. Medicinal Uses: Guava leaves and fruits have been used traditionally for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Guava leaf tea is popular in many cultures as a remedy for diarrhea and digestive issues. Psidium guajava L. is devoured as food as well as people medication in subtropical regions all around the world because of its pharmacological exercises9. It has been suggested for cough because of its anti-cough activity12. Leaves have highly satisfied of limonene around 42.1% and caryophyllene about 21.3%10. Ascorbic corrosive and citrus extract are the significant elements of guava that assume significant part in enemy of mutagenic movement7. Now and again the ecological changes and chemicals become the explanation of free extreme creation. These free revolutionaries are liable for all the oxidation responses16. Guava is a highly valued plant for its nutritious fruits, ease of cultivation, and adaptability to various conditions. Whether grown in a backyard garden or on a large commercial scale, it is relatively low-maintenance but requires regular care for optimal production Convention broiler drying was come about to hold the greater part of the absolute phenolic contents (TPC), ascorbic corrosive identical cancer prevention agent limit (AEAC) and ferric diminishing power (FRP) measure of guava. Nonetheless, the drying brought about a critical diminishing of AEAC, TPC and FRP13. We are taking this plant it is so commonly consumed and growed in world wide areas. Quercetin, quercetin-3-0-glucopyranoside and morin can be secluded from leaves. These mixtures show the counter oxidant action. Quercetin has free extreme adjusting action. Its decreasing power is lot higher than any remaining mixtures. It is considered as most dynamic and solid cancer prevention agent in the leaves of guava14,15. Defensive splashes against anthracnose, styler end decay and different kind of decays adjacent to epidemiological investigation and shower gauging can enormously upgrade the exhibition of plantation showers. Subsequently, pre-harvest treatment with more secure synthetics including IPM is a proper methodology in circumstances where significant reap injury misfortunes are expected4. Wilt is the most widely recognized sickness in guava plant. Assessed that 5 to 15% of the tress passed on because of wilt consistently in 12 regions of U.P., coming about into a deficiency of worth Rs. 1,000,000 roughly. During the beyond 2 thirty years, various methodologies have been made for in vitro proliferation of guava. An outline on the vitro recovery of guava through organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, and engineered seeds is introduced 5. If the plant is affected by wilt then the plant will show this type of symptoms :- The leaves and flower will dry up and fruit size will get smaller and browning of leaves will occur, and the tree will dry. Timeline of this study: 6 months.

Este estudo teve o objetivo de reconhecer as espécies de moscas frugívoras em mirtáceas: Eugenia uniflora L., Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg., Psidium cattleianum Sabine, Psidium guajava L. e Acca sellowiana (Berg.) Burret., bem como em Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae), na região do Vale do Caí, RS. Os frutos foram coletados no período de maturação de cada espécie frutífera, entre outubro de 2004 e julho de 2005, levados ao laboratório e acondicionados em potes com areia mantidos a 25 ± 1°C; 80 ± 10% UR e fotofase de 12 horas. Os pupários obtidos foram individualizados e suas características foram registradas. De Tephritidae foi registrada apenas Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) e de Lonchaeidae Neosilba n. sp. 3, Neosilba zadolicha McAlpine & Steyskal e Neosilba certa (Walker). As duas últimas são novos registros para o Rio Grande do Sul. Apenas em P. cattleianum foram registradas todas as espécies de moscas encontradas neste trabalho. Os resultados evidenciam que A. fraterculus é a espécie de mosca-das-frutas de maior ocorrência para a região do Vale do Caí, RS, nas frutíferas estudadas.

As moscas frugívoras (Tephritoidea) são as principais pragas da fruticultura de clima temperado no Brasil. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a infestação desses dípteros e a ocorrência de seus parasitoides em frutíferas nos municípios de Pelotas e Capão do Leão, localizados na região Sul, nas safras agrícolas de 2007/08 e 2008/09. Foram coletados frutos de araçazeiro-amarelo e vermelho (Psidium cattleianum Sabine, 1821), butiazeiro [Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc., 1916], caquizeiro (Diospyros kaki Linnaeus, 1753), cerejeira-do-mato (Eugenia involucrata DC., 1828), goiabeira [Psidium guajava (Linnaeus, 1753)], goiabeira-serrana [Acca sellowiana (Berg.) Burret, 1941], nespereira [Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindley, 1822], pessegueiro [Prunus persicae (L.) Batsch, 1801], pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora Linnaeus,1753) e uvalheira (Eugenia pyriformis Cambessèdes, 1832). Os frutos foram coletados e transportados para o laboratório, onde foram individualizados e determinados os seguintes parâmetros: índice de infestação das moscas, índice de parasitismo e frequência de indivíduos por espécie de parasitoide. Foram constatadas duas espécies de Tephritidae, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) (90,5%) e Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (9,5%) e duas de Lonchaeidae, Neosilba zadolicha McAlpine & Steyskal, 1982 (87,8%) e uma espécie ainda não descrita, referida como Neosilba n. sp. 3 (12,2%). Anastrepha fraterculus é a espécie mais abundante nos dois municípios, sendo constatada na maioria das frutíferas coletadas. Caquizeiro e goiabeira foram os hospedeiros que apresentaram o maior índice de infestação por C. capitata. Quanto às espécies de Neosilba, a maior infestação ocorreu em frutos de goiabeira-serrana. Dos parasitoides emergidos, foram identificadas três espécies, sendo duas de Braconidae, Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti, 1911) (52,6%) e Opius bellus (Gahan, 1930) (27,5%) e uma espécie de Figitidae, Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes, 1924) (20,0%). Doryctobracon areolatus foi o parasitoide mais frequente na maioria das frutíferas amostradas, com exceção da pitangueira e cerejeira-do-mato em que predominou O. bellus, e em pessegueiro com predomínio de A. pelleranoi.

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) associated with fruit of the family Myrtaceae Juss. In South Africa

Identification of isoflavones in Acca sellowiana and two Psidium species (Myrtaceae)

Guava is a popular, export-promising, fast-growing fruit crop in Bangladesh that encompasses an important demand within the local market. We conducted a study of four types of guavas, specifically Thai guava, Strawberry guava, Kazi guava, and Deshi guava, by observing various parameters. The aim of this investigation to explore the physiochemical characteristics of the guava varieties procured from the local market of Noakhali district of Bangladesh. Physical characteristics such as weight, size, length, diameter, shape, and color were determined, as well as the nutritional status of guava varieties, including their non-reducing,reducing sugar , total sugar contents, vitamin C content, and the relationship between total sugar and vitamin C content, was assessed. According to the results, Kazi guava showed the highest fruit weight (220 gm), length (5.96 cm), and breadth (6.6 cm) compared to the other guava varieties available on the market. All the guava varieties had a similar color (green to pale green), while strawberry guava was red in color. Statistically significant variations were found among the chemical characteristics such as total sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, total sugar, reducing sugar and the vitamin C content of various varieties. The highest value of reducing sugar (6.19%), non-reducing sugar (2.02%), and total sugar (8.55%) was found in Thai guava. Vitamin-C content was highest in Deshi guava (74.73 mg/100gm), whereas Kazi guava had the lowest value (61.20 mg/100 gm) of vitamin C content. However, this research explored that Thai guava had comparatively higher nutrition than others, but physical parameters were found to be best in the Kazi guava variety.

Invasive species are known to have potential advantages over the native community and can be expressed in their leaf functional traits. Thus, leaf-level traits with spectral reflectance can provide valuable insights for distinguishing invasive trees from native trees in complex forest environments. We conducted field spectroscopy measurements in a subtropical area, where we also collected trait data for 12 functional traits of invasive (Psidium guajava and Hovenia dulcis), and native species (Psidium cattleianum and Luehea divaricata). We found that photosynthetic pigments were responsible for the greatest interspecific variability, especially in the green region of the spectrum at 550 nm, therefore contributing to detection of invasive species. In addition, according to LDA and stepwise procedures, the most informative reflectance spectra were concentrated in the visible range that is closely related to pigment absorption features. Furthermore, we aimed to understand the leaf optical properties of the target invasive species by using a combination of narrow bands and linear regression models. P. guajava showed high correlations with specific leaf area, Car/Chl and relative water content. H. dulcis had a strong correlation with water content, specific leaf area and Chla/Chlb. Overall, this methodology proved to be appropriate for discriminating invasive trees, although parameterization by species is necessary.

No Sul do Brasil, a mosca-das-frutas sul-americana (Anastrepha fraterculus) é o principal inseto-praga das frutíferas nativas e exóticas. O estudo foi realizado em áreas agrícolas de sete municípios pertencentes à região do Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe, em Santa Catarina, Brasil, no período de 2015 a 2022. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a entomofauna de micro-himenópteros parasitoides associados à A. fraterculus em frutíferas nativas. Uma amostra de 200 frutos de Eugenia involucrata (cerejeira-do-mato), Eugenia pyriformis (uvaieira), Acca sellowiana (‘feijoa’), Psidium cattleianum (araçazeiros amarelo e vermelho), Campomanesia xanthocarpa (guabirobeira) e Campomanesia guazumifolia (sete-capotes) foram coletadas por município e em cada safra agrícola para determinar os índices de parasitismo e a análise faunística das espécies de parasitoides. Foram registradas sete espécies de parasitoides, três da família Figitidae e quatro de Braconidae. A espécie mais frequente foi Aganaspis pelleranoi, apresentando ocorrência constante, muito abundante e dominante na região. Os índices de parasitismo variaram entre 0,2 a 39%, reforçando a necessidade de estudos sobre controle biológico, por conservação e/ou aplicado.