Abstract
Wireless communication between sensors allows the formation of flexible sensor networks, which can be deployed rapidly over wide or inaccessible areas. However, the need to gather data from all sensors in the network imposes constraints on the distances between sensors. This survey describes the state of the art in techniques for determining the minimum density and optimal locations of relay nodes and ordinary sensors to ensure connectivity, subject to various degrees of uncertainty in the locations of the nodes.
Highlights
Wireless communication between sensors allows the formation of flexible sensor networks, which can be deployed rapidly over wide or inaccessible areas
These sensors can observe and respond to phenomena in the physical environment [3]. Such sensor networks are referred to as wireless sensor networks (WSNs). These WSNs provide flexibility in deployment and maintenance, exploit the ability of wireless networks to be deployed in highly dynamic environments and enable sensor networks to be potentially used in a wide range of civilian and military applications, including security surveillance, environmental monitoring, habitat monitoring, hazard and disaster monitoring and relief operations, health field applications, and home applications [3]
As the number of nodes becomes large, the probability that the network is connected is asymptotically the same as the probability that no node is isolated. This follows from the fundamental result in random graph theory that, for random geometric graphs of a hypercube of two or more dimensions: the minimum connectivity radius for achieving k-connectivity is exactly equal to the minimum radius for achieving a minimum nodal degree k, with probability tending to 1 as the number of vertices goes to infinity [41]
Summary
Ji Li 1 , Lachlan L.H. Andrew 2 , Chuan Heng Foh 3,? Moshe Zukerman 4 and Hsiao-Hwa Chen 5. Received: 25 August 2009; in revised form: 25 September 2009 / Accepted: 25 September 2009 /
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