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Abstract
BackgroundCancer remains a leading global cause of mortality, responsible for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. Given the country’s low birth rate and aging population, the escalating cancer burden poses significant challenges to its healthcare systems. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between lifestyle risk factors and cancer case fatality, emphasizing the collective impact of these factors through a prevention index at the regional level.MethodsThe study focused on ten cancer types, categorizing counties into three levels of cancer incidence rates using group-based trajectory modeling to identify disparities in patterns and levels among groups. Additionally, we segmented the proportions of obesity prevalence, average daily per capita smoking amount, prevalence of smoking, prevalence of high-risk alcohol consumption, prevalence of hypertension diagnosis, prevalence of diabetes diagnosis, and cancer case fatality into three groups through group-based trajectory modeling. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to evaluate the hazard ratios (HR) for cancer case fatality, adjusting for age, sex, income level, and cancer stage.ResultsThe study population comprised 294,070 cancer patients, with thyroid, stomach, colorectal, breast, and lung cancers being the most common. The prevention index (PI) levels, calculated from six primary prevention indicators, were categorized into High, Medium, and Low grades. Counties with higher PI levels (H) exhibited significantly lower cancer case fatality among cancer patients compared to those with lower PI levels (L). Across all cancer types, females had lower cancer case fatality compared to males, higher age was linked to higher cancer case fatality, advanced stage cases had the highest cancer case fatality, and the highest income quintile consistently showed the lowest cancer case fatality.ConclusionsThe study highlights the significant inverse relationship between primary prevention indicator levels and cancer case fatality. Higher scores on primary prevention indicators are associated with lower cancer mortality among cancer patients for various cancer types, underscoring the importance of comprehensive, community-based prevention strategies in mitigating cancer risk and improving public health outcomes in South Korea.
Highlights
Cancer remains a leading global cause of mortality, responsible for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020
Females had lower cancer case fatality compared to males, higher age was linked to higher cancer case fatality, advanced stage cases had the highest cancer case fatality, and the highest income quintile consistently showed the lowest cancer case fatality
Higher scores on primary prevention indicators are associated with lower cancer mortality among cancer patients for various cancer types, underscoring the importance of comprehensive, community-based prevention strategies in mitigating cancer risk and improving public health outcomes in South Korea
Summary
Cancer remains a leading global cause of mortality, responsible for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. Given the country’s low birth rate and aging population, the escalating cancer burden poses significant challenges to its healthcare systems. The mortality rate due to cancer has followed a similar upward trajectory, reaching 82,688 deaths within the same period This escalating trend in cancer diagnoses and fatalities is especially worrying given situations that persistently low birth rate and the steady aging of its population in Korea [2–4]. These demographic factors indicate a potential exacerbation of the cancer burden in the years to come, posing considerable challenges to healthcare systems and public health initiatives. Preventing cancer and averting premature deaths resulting from it are critical priorities
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