Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increase in applications of network science in many different fields. In clinical neuroscience and psychopathology, the developments and applications of network science have occurred mostly simultaneously, but without much collaboration between the two fields. The promise of integrating these network applications lies in a united framework to tackle one of the fundamental questions of our time: how to understand the link between brain and behavior. In the current overview, we bridge this gap by introducing conventions in both fields, highlighting similarities, and creating a common language that enables the exploitation of synergies. We provide research examples in autism research, as it accurately represents research lines in both network neuroscience and psychological networks. We integrate brain and behavior not only semantically, but also practically, by showcasing three methodological avenues that allow to combine networks of brain and behavioral data. As such, the current paper offers a stepping stone to further develop multi-modal networks and to integrate brain and behavior.
Highlights
If one had to write a one-sentence summary of a century of research into human behavior and the processes that underlie it, a good candidate would be: “it’s complicated”
As these fields have rapidly evolved, both methodologically and conceptually in the past decades, now is the time to invest into merging these insights and develop a brain-behavior network methodology to answer new questions
Coming back to our main example of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as a brain and symptom network disorder un derlines the promise that multi-level analysis may add to current levelspecific insights in terms of etiology, symptomatology and potentially treatment of this disorder
Summary
If one had to write a one-sentence summary of a century of research into human behavior and the processes that underlie it, a good candidate would be: “it’s complicated”. We have seen an interesting twist: instead of lamenting complexity as a problem, novel methodologies have leveraged complexity as a strength, and have brought to bear novel insights from the area of network science to shed light on the topic. Two such areas are neuroscience, where network analysis has become a common way of considering the brain, and psychopathology, where the interactions between symptoms are reconceptualized as network structures. This paper provides an overview of methodological strategies that can be used to couple network analyses at the brain and behavioral levels, illustrates their application to the case of autism, and discusses open problems and avenues for further development
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