Abstract
Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials offer the potential for realization of low-cost and flexible next-generation solar cells fabricated by low-temperature solution processing. Although efficiencies of perovskite solar cells have dramatically improved up to 19% within the past 5 years, there is still considerable room for further improvement in device efficiency and stability through development of novel materials and device architectures. Here we demonstrate that inverted-type perovskite solar cells with pH-neutral and low-temperature solution-processable conjugated polyelectrolyte as the hole transport layer (instead of acidic PEDOT:PSS) exhibit a device efficiency of over 12% and improved device stability in air. As an alternative to PEDOT:PSS, this work is the first report on the use of an organic hole transport material that enables the formation of uniform perovskite films with complete surface coverage and the demonstration of efficient, stable perovskite/fullerene planar heterojunction solar cells.
Highlights
Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials offer the potential for realization of low-cost and flexible next-generation solar cells fabricated by low-temperature solution processing
Ipero-SCs based on inorganic hole transport layer (HTL) and methylammonium lead mixed halide (MAPbI3-XClX)/[6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) planar heterojunction structures exhibited poor device performance because of incomplete surface coverage as a result of different surface energies of perovskite solution and V2O5 or nickel oxide (NiO) substrates
We first compared the transmittance of PEDOT:PSS and conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE)-K and absorption of perovskite films coated on top of them
Summary
Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials offer the potential for realization of low-cost and flexible next-generation solar cells fabricated by low-temperature solution processing. We demonstrate that inverted-type perovskite solar cells with pH-neutral and low-temperature solution-processable conjugated polyelectrolyte as the hole transport layer (instead of acidic PEDOT:PSS) exhibit a device efficiency of over 12% and improved device stability in air. Inverted-type pero-SCs (ipero-SCs) have emerged as an alternative to conventional pero-SCs because of their lowtemperature solution processability In this strategy, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly-styrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is used as the hole transport layer (HTL). Among various CPEs (Supplementary Table 1), we employ a poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-potassiumbutanylsulfonate-4H-cyclopenta-[2,1-b;3,4-b’]-dithiophene)alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (CPE-K) because CPE-K results in highest PCE (Supplementary Fig. 1 and Supplementary Table 2), which was previously used in polymer solar cells[17] These devices with CPE-K achieve a PCE of over 12% with enhanced device stability under ambient conditions. These improvements are attributed to the excellent wetting of perovskite precursor solution on the CPE layer, efficient hole selectivity between the perovskite and indium tin oxide (ITO) anode and pH-neutral CPE-K solution
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