Abstract
In ancient Greece, the extracts of hemlock (Conium maculatum L., Fam. Umbelliferae) were used for the execution of criminals. Plato (427–347 BC) described the death of Socrates (about 470–399 BC): Socrates was made to drink a cup of hemlock extract as he was thought to be a Godless man who corrupted the young. This incident is perhaps one of the worst man-made tragedies in the history of civilization. Incidentally, it may be mentioned that Lavoisier was arrested and guillotined for no fault of his own, when the French Revolutionary terror was at its height. The death of Lavoisier is considered by some historians, the worst single casualty of the Revolution; a great French mathematician and astronomer Joseph Louis Compte Lagrange (1736–1813) said, “You have in a moment cut off a head whose like may not be seen again for a century.”
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