Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-<em>p</em>-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-<em>p</em>-furans (PCDFs) are unintentionally formed during inefficient combustions and as a by-product. Due to their resistance to degradation and their toxic effect on health, PCDD/Fs are listed by the Stockholm Convention as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Once released into the atmosphere, most of them are adsorbed to air particles and transported away from sources in atmosphere. India signed the Stockholm Convention India agreeing thereby to reduce and eliminate the use of POPs. The German agency for Technical Cooperation helped develop facilities for monitoring POPs at a national level in Delhi. This paper presents the data generated during a training assignment for Central Pollution Control Board officials at the German laboratory. Air borne particulate matter (&lt;PM<sub>10</sub>) was collected from 6 different locations in Delhi, India and analyzed in a German laboratory for 17 congeners of PCDD/Fs. The concentrations of &Sigma;PCDD/Fs ranged between 1720-9010 fg m<sup>-3</sup> (mean 5559 fg m<sup>-3</sup>) and their toxic equivalency values ranged from 67 to 460 fg I-toxic equivalent quantities (TEQ) m<sup>-3</sup>, with an average of 239 fg I-TEQ m<sup>-3</sup> which was lower than the ambient air standards. The dominant congeners were octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD), octachlorinated dibenzo-p-furans (OCDF), 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorinated dibenzo- p-furans, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin. The contributions of individual homologs for &Sigma;PCDDs/Fs I-TEQ was in the order of OCDD (31%)&gt;HCDF (21%)&gt;hexachlorodibenzofurans (13%)=OCDF (13%)&gt; HCDF (12%) and other individual congeners contribute less than 5%. High chlorinated congeners contributed with more than 80% for &Sigma;PCDD/Fs I-TEQ. Rough estimates of tolerable daily intake (TDI) shows low health risk of exposure to &Sigma;PCDD/Fs with inhalation of 0.098 pg I-TEQ kg<sup>1</sup>day<sup>1</sup> for adult and 0.152 pg TEQ kg<sup>-1</sup>day<sup>-1</sup> for children, which is much lower than World Health Organization recommended TDI for dioxins.
Highlights
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans (PCDFs) are primarily formed from inefficient combustion processes, such as biomass combustion in incineration plants, sintering plants, cement kiln plants[1] and unintentional by-products from the synthesis of various chlorinated products.[2,3] PCDD/Fs are ubiquitous chemicals, list-Key words: polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/ furans, urban air, inhalation risk assessment, India.Contributions: BK, data processing and compilation, statistical analysis and manuscript preparation; BK, SKS, RBL, sample processing and analysis; SK, technical guidance during manuscript preparation; CSS, overall planning and guidance
The contributions of individ- facilities for monitoring persistent organic pollutants u (POPs) at the headquar- India with a population of approximately 18 ual homologs for ∑PCDDs/Fs I-Toxic equivalent quantities (TEQ) was in the ters of the Central Pollution Control Board million
This paper presents for the first had been used for Ambient Air Sampling in
Summary
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans (PCDFs) are primarily formed from inefficient combustion processes, such as biomass combustion in incineration plants, sintering plants, cement kiln plants[1] and unintentional by-products from the synthesis of various chlorinated products.[2,3] PCDD/Fs are ubiquitous chemicals, list-. Due to Abstract ly Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) n and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans (PCDFs) are unintentionally formed during inefficient o combustions and as a by-product Due to their e resistance to degradation and their toxic effect on health, PCDD/Fs are listed by the Stockholm s Convention as persistent organic pollutants u (POPs). The contributions of individ- facilities for monitoring POPs at the headquar- India with a population of approximately 18 ual homologs for ∑PCDDs/Fs I-TEQ was in the ters of the Central Pollution Control Board million. It is situated between the geographical order of OCDD (31%)>HCDF (21%)>hexa- (CPCB). The exposed filter papers were wrapped in aluof total native PCDD/PCDFs concentration minum foil and shipped to Germany
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
