Configurations of Attachment and Individuation and Differences in Self-Concept Clarity and Career Adaptability in Korean Emerging Adulthood

The aim of this study is to clarify the structural relationships between college students' perceived disconnection and rejection schema, self-concept clarity, career belief, and career adaptability. In pursuit of this goal, a survey was conducted with 356 college students, and ultimately, data from 349 participants was analyzed. Firstly, the research findings indicate that the structural model fit of college students' perceived disconnection and rejection schema, self-concept clarity, career belief, and career adaptability is satisfactory, suggesting the model's suitability for predicting the structural relationships among variables. Secondly, in relation to college students' career adaptability, self-concept clarity had a negative impact, while career belief had a positive impact. Thirdly, a complete mediating effect of career belief was confirmed in the relationship between perceived disconnection and rejection schema and career adaptability. Additionally, a partial mediating effect of career belief was verified in the relationship between self-concept clarity and career adaptability. Based on these results, the significance of perceived disconnection and rejection schema, self-concept clarity, and career belief for college students' career adaptability was discussed, and future implications for career counseling and education were considered.

Despite growing concerns regarding the development of hope among adolescents, the longitudinal relationship between parental-adolescent attachment, peer attachment, self-concept clarity, and hope remains far from being fully understood. This three-wave longitudinal study (6 months apart) across 1 year examined the relationship between attachment with parents and peers, self-concept clarity, and hope in 1,312 adolescents (age range 12-18, Mage = 14.29, SD = 1.38; 50.2% males) by using cross-lagged panel models. The results revealed a bidirectional relationship between hope and parental attachment across all three waves. In addition, hope was found to be positively associated with subsequent peer attachment across the three waves, while peer attachment at T1 was positively linked to hope at T2. Furthermore, self-concept clarity emerged as a longitudinal mediator in the relationship between both parental and peer attachment and hope. These findings underscore the potential implications for intervention programs focused on enhancing attachment and self-concept clarity to foster increased hope among adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

The current study compares and contrasts the structure of recurrent multi-word units, lexical bundles, in Korean and American university students??? writing. Two sets of corpora were prepared from the students??? argumentative writings. A series of chi-square tests with standardized residuals was conducted to identify the idiosyncratic characteristics of the lexical bundle structures in the two corpora. The study found that the structure and the distribution of the lexical bundle types and tokens in the Korean university students??? writing were different, i.e., the Korean students used lexical bundle types and tokens more frequently than the American university students. The major contributors of the difference were found to be the overuse of noun phrase-based bundles, preposition phrase-based bundles, and personal pronoun with certain lexical bundles. The results also confirmed that the Korean students used more lexical bundles that are usually found in conversation register. Pedagogical implications of the findings and future research suggestions are also introduced and discussed.

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the scientific communication skills of Korean and Australian university students and identify areas that need improvement. As a result of the analysis, it was found that Korean students had higher overall science communication skills than Australian students. However, as a result of analyzing scientific communication skills by field, the type of legitimacy was higher among Australian university students than Korean university students. On the other hand, Korean university students showed higher ability to express letters and visual images than Australian university students. In addition, through a correlation analysis on the types and forms of scientific communication skills, it was possible to confirm the characteristics of scientific communication skills of university students in both countries. This study is significant in that it provides insight into the understanding of the characteristics of scientific communication skills of Korean and Australian university students.

The research on life satisfaction originated in the 1960s and has not been completely studied yet. Life satisfaction is an index related to the state and quality of individual life. With the development of society, the relevant variables affecting life satisfaction have also changed with the times. The purpose of this study is to research the relationship between parent and child or peer alienation, mental resilience, self-concept clarity and life satisfaction, finding the mechanism of action among parent-child or peer alienation, mental resilience, self-concept clarity, and life satisfaction. This cross-sectional study recruites randomly 1,347 adolescents from six middle schools in Chongqing, China, participating in a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, the Inventor of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), the Self-concept Clarity Scale (SCCS), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The sample consists of 62.4% female participants (n = 841) and 37.6% male participants (n = 506) aged from 11 to 17 years old (Mean = 14.54, SD = 1.21). We use SPSS 26 to perform the statistical analysis. The study finds that mental resilience—self-concept clarity have mediating effect on the parent or peer alienation to life satisfaction, to the effect that, parent-child or peer alienation explain life satisfaction through the chain mediating effect of mental resilience—self-concept clarity. This study explores the negative multi-use of parent-child or peer alienation on life satisfaction and provides a new perspective for the improvement of life satisfaction of adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to verify the dual mediating effect of self-concept clarity and career adaptability in the effect of self-reflection on retirement anxiety in middle-aged adults and to check whether there is a gender difference in each path. To this end, a survey was conducted on 272 adults in their 40s and 60s, and 252 data were analyzed using a structural equation model. The main results of the study are summarized as follows. First, to examine the demographic characteristics of the data, there was no significant difference in retirement anxiety in gender, age and level of education excluding household monthly income. Second, Self-reflection did not directly affect retirement anxiety, but it was found to have an indirect effect through self-concept clarity and career adaptability. Third, it was found that self-concept clarity and career adaptability double-mediated the relationship between self-reflection and retirement anxiety. Fourth, as a result of multi-group analysis, it was found that there was no significant difference between male and female groups in each path. Based on these research results, proposals for direction of intervention in career counseling for middle-aged adults who expect retirement, significance and limitations of the study, and implications of subsequent studies were discussed.

The purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge and attitude about oral contraceptive between Korean and Japanese university students in order to provide better sex education programs and direcrion. Korean subjects of this study were 337 university students in M city, during the period from April 1 to April 20, 2001 and Japanese subjects 245, during the period from June to August, 2001. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS package. The results from this study were summarized as follows : 1. The mean age of Koreans and Japanese students was and years old. The number of Japaneses youths having the parter with sexual intercourse was larger than that of Korean university students. 2. Comparison of knowledge and attitude about oral contraceptives between Korean and Japanese university students ; 1) Comparison of sexual differences : Oral contraceptives related knowledge of Korean university students marked of male students and of females with a range of 15 to 75. The level of female students' knowledge was higher than that of male's but there is not statistically a significant difference (p=.080). Oral contraceptives related attitude of Korean university students marked of male students and of female's with a range of 24 to 120. The level of male students' attitude was higher than that of female's and there is statistically a significant difference(p= 002). Oral contraceptives related knowledge of Japanese university students marked of male students and of female students. The level of female students' knowledge was higher than that of male's but there is not statistically a significant difference (p=.159). Oral contraceptives related attitude of Japanese university students marked of male students and of female students. The level of female students' attitude was higher than that of male's and there is not statistically a significant difference(p= .928). 2) Comparison between the country : Oral conceptives related knowledge of Korean university students marked and of Japanese university students with a range of 15 to 75. The level of Japanese university students' knowledge was higher than that of Korean's but there is not statistically a significant difference(p= .361). Oral conceptives related attitude of Korean university students marked and of Japaneses with a range of 24 to 120. The level of Japanese university studentss' attitude was higher than that of Korean's and there is not statistically a significant difference(p=.100). 2. Wanted age of oral contraceptives taking medicine and age was correlated positively (r=.178, p=.004) and total knowledge score of oral contraceptives and total attitude score were correlated positively(r=.467 p= .000) in Korean university students. Wanted age of oral contraceptives taking medicine and age was correlated positively (r=.289, p=.004), age and total attitude score were correlated positively(r=.196 p=.002) and total knowledge score of oral contraceptives and total attitude score were correlated positively (r=.671 p=.000) in Japanese university students. 3. Korean university students lifted side effect by the greatest factors in investigation about leading person that disturb work oral contraceptive, and the following appeared by knowledge insufficiency, sexual feeling inflammation worry, social prejudice, sexual morality decline, supernumerary prescription being not right, other person reverse and economical burden. Japanese university students can know that it is appearing by side effect, supernumerary prescription being not right, knowledge insufficiency, sexual feeling inflammation worry, economical burden, social prejudice, sexual morality decline and other person reverse. Think that this is result by dissimilar health medical system and cultural difference between two countries.

This study compares the body sizes of Korean and Mongolian female college students, their perceptions about body size, and body satisfaction based on similar cultural backgrounds. The subjects consisted of 164 Korean students and 171 Mongolian students from March to April, 2008. The age range was 17 to 22 years. We directly measured the body sizes of subjects and examined by questionnaire the degree of body cathexis, perceived body size, and ideal body size. Both Korean and Mongolian college students have similar body measurements but Korean college students have smaller heads, broader and slopped shoulders, and thinner arms and legs. There were insignificant differences in perceived body size for both groups; in particular they perceived that their lower body is fat or thick. However, there were differences in body satisfaction. Both groups had the lowest satisfaction rate for their lower bodies; but in all items, Korean college students had a lower body satisfaction rate than Mongolian college students even though they have thinner arms and legs. Finally, the ideal body style for both groups was a skinny body type, but Korean students preferred a much thinner body type. The body satisfaction rate is greatly affected by the ideal body than the actual body.

Whether or not close emotional relationships with parents and peers serve similar functions for adolescent adjustment is an issue of increasing interest. The present study was designed to examine the relations between parent and peer attachment and adolescent adjustment. Eighty-nine adolescents (M age = 16.1 years, SD = 1.8 years) completed self-report measures of parent and peer attachment, sympathy, academic efficacy, aggression, anxiety, and depression. Adolescents were divided into four groups on the basis of their parent and peer attachment scores: those high on both, those low on both, those high on peer but low on parent attachment, and those high on parent but low on peer attachment. Discriminant function analyses revealed that the groups differed only along one dimension, suggesting that parent and peer attachment served similar functions in terms of the adjustment indices measured. Adolescents high on both peer and parent attachment were the best adjusted (i.e., least aggressive and depressed, most sympathetic) and those low on both were the least well adjusted. Furthermore, those high on peer but low on parent attachment were better adjusted than those high on parent but low on peer attachment, suggesting that peer attachment may be relatively more influential on adolescent adjustment than parent attachment.

Chinese college students’ parental attachment, peer attachment, and prosocial behaviors: The moderating role of respiratory sinus arrhythmia

This study observed the effect of contextual factors on vocational identity (VI) level in each VI status, originated by Marcia (Handbook of adolescent psychology. Wiley, New York, 1980)’s identity status. This is an attempt to integrate status approach and dimension approach of VI development by finding within-status difference of development level in each VI status. Collecting data of 286 Korean college junior and seniors, cluster analysis was performed to confirm the status classification, followed by multiple regression analysis to observe different contextual variables influencing VI level in each status. Results showed that VI was identically classified with Korean college students, and different contextual variables influenced VI in each status. High functional family communication in achievement, low inter-parental conflict in moratorium, high peer attachment in foreclosure, and low peer attachment in diffusion status positively influenced VI level. Theoretical implication based on recent VI study trends and practical implications based on cultural characteristics of Korea are stated, along with limitations and suggestions for future research.

Adolescent attachment relationships with parents and peers and the sense of connectedness with the schools attended have been established as salient predictors of psychological well-being. Few studies, however, have assessed the relative importance of each attachment or connectedness relationship and how they interrelate to influence mental health outcomes. A total of 203 adolescents (11-16years) completed self-report measures of parental and peer attachment (Inventory of Parental & Peer Attachment - Revised; Gullone & Robinson, ); school connectedness (Psychological Sense of School Membership; Goodenow, ); conduct problems, emotional symptoms and prosocial behaviour (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; Goodman, ). Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that more insecure parental attachment (although not peer attachment or school connectedness) predicted conduct problems and emotional difficulties. Peer attachment and school connectedness were significant predictors of prosocial behaviour, whereas parental attachment was not. A mediational analysis revealed that peer attachment and school connectedness both mediate the relationship between parental attachment and prosocial behaviour. No significant moderation effects of either peer attachment or school connectedness on the relationship between parental attachment and mental health outcomes were found. Different attachment and connectedness relationships, although related, predict adolescent mental health outcomes in distinct ways. Improving parental attachment may have particular salience in reducing negative behaviours such as conduct problems and emotional difficulties, whereas improving peer attachment and school connectedness could be important for the display of prosocial behaviour.

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Korean college students’ MOOC learning tutoring with international graduate students and Korean college students. This study also look into the effects of the attitude toward English speaking and communication competency. Methods For this aim, 5 international graduate students were chosen as the tutors, and 15 Korean undergraduate students were chosen as the tutees in order to participate in this study. Tutoring team consisted of one international graduate tutor and 3 Korean college student tutees. They were asked to conduct tutoring with MOOC course learning material for 10 weeks. In order to get the data, they are asked to take a pre and post English speaking test and the questionnaires of the perceptions on a English speaking and communication competency. The data collected were analyzed statistically. Results The results indicate that the Korean students’ speaking performance was improved significantly in the post test compared to the pre test. In particular, fluency is more improved than correctness and complexity. In addition, Korean college students’ attitude about English speaking and communication competency was shifted to more positively. Conclusions Korean college students’ MOOC learning tutoring with international graduate students is effective to improve Korean college students’ English speaking competency and have positive influence on the attitude toward English speaking and communication competency.

In the highly competitive employment environment, most college students have left their jobs for a short time after employment, and attention should be paid to students’ career adaptation. However, the further influence of skilled goal orientation, social support and career-determined self-efficacy on college students’ career adaptation needs to be confirmed. This study analyzes the effects of these factors on college students’ career adaptation. This study aims to analyze the impact of mastery goal orientation, social support, and vocational decision self-efficacy on career adaptation among 224 university students in East China. The results indicated that university students generally exhibit positive levels of mastery goal orientation, social support, vocational decision self-efficacy, and overall career adaptation. Female students demonstrate higher levels of mastery goal orientation, social support, vocational decision self-efficacy, and career adaptation compared to male students. As students progress in their academic years, their levels of mastery goal orientation, social support, vocational decision self-efficacy, and career adaptation tend to increase. Students majoring in humanities and social sciences have higher level than students majoring in science and engineering in all factors. Students majoring in humanities and social sciences exhibit more optimism in all factors compared to students in science and technology fields. The relationships among these factors show positive correlations. Mastery goal orientation, social support, and vocational decision self-efficacy all have positive effects on career adaptation. Among these, family support stands out as the most influential subordinate factor of social support on career adaptation. The most influential subordinate factor of vocational decision self-efficacy on career adaptation is conscious decision-making. Therefore, male, lower grade, science and engineering college students are the groups that need to be paid attention to in improving career adaptation. Skilled goal orientation, family support and conscious decision making have a better effect on the improvement of career adaptation. These results can provide important reference information for universities, counselors and college students in the training of career planning, and theoretically enrich the relevant research on college students’ career adaptation, and provide certain enlightenment for future researchers.

This study examines the relationship between attachment to parents and peers, time perspective and psychological adjustment in adolescence. 2,665 adolescents (M age = 17.03 years, SD = 1.48) completed self-report measures about parent and peer attachment, time perspective, sympathy and self-determination. Subjects were divided into four groups based on their parent and peer attachment scores: high parent and high peer attachment, low peer and low parent, high parent and low peer, low parent and high peer. Higher levels of negative past of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory were revealed, by post hoc analyses, in the group with low attachment to parent and peer. Unlike adolescents with low attachment to parents, adolescents who reported a secure attachment to parents had higher scores on positive past, hedonistic present, and future. Adolescents with high attachment to parent and peer and adolescents with high parent but low peer attachment had the highest scores on competence and authonomy.