Abstract
Physical unclonable function (PUF), a hardware that can extract the differences of the same implementations and provide unique secret keys without the utilization of non-volatile memory, is regarded as a promising security primitive in the near future. Ring Oscillator (RO) PUF is one of its easy silicon implementations, which exploits the frequency difference between a pair of structurally identical ring oscillators. However, a large number of ROs must be constructed if multiple stable output bits are required, which means unacceptable area overhead for lightweight applications. To solve this problem, configurable ROs using multiplexers and different delay units were proposed in previous papers. Unfortunately, most of them take advantage of the specific structure of a certain type of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), thus not cost-saving for application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). In this paper, we propose a configurable RO using only two hybrid logic gates in each stage for ASIC, which costs less area and power compared with previous proposals. Experiment on 50 FPGAs and one self-designed printed circuit board demonstrates satisfactory uniformity and uniqueness of this novel RO PUF. Furthermore, our proposal is proved to be reliable in a wide variety of environment conditions.
Highlights
With more and more semiconductor devices are interconnected to form a huge network, hardware security has become an increasingly important concern in the past decade
Considering that if counterfeit or malicious chips are extensively employed in critical system or personal mobile devices, enormous threat may be brought to public health and personal privacy
We propose four types of delay configurable units (DCUs) that consists of only two combinational logic gates, without the utilization of multiplexer
Summary
With more and more semiconductor devices are interconnected to form a huge network (aka Things Of Internet, IOT), hardware security has become an increasingly important concern in the past decade. It was reported that even the U.S Department of Defense has been deceived into purchasing more than one million counterfeit electronic devices [1], not to mention common consumers. In this light, device authentication is a key issue worth studying. A. RO PUF As Fig. 1 shows, the traditional RO PUF consists of N ROs, two N -to-1 multiplexers, two counters and one comparator. The m-bit challenge chooses two different ROs through the multiplexers. Once the oscillation enable (OSC_EN) signal rises up, the selected ROs start to oscillate and drive the subsequent counter to calculate the number of oscillation cycles. With n different challenges applied in the same manner, a n-bit response can be generated
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