Abstract
Although the rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery is an advanced energy storage system, its practical implementation has been impeded by many issues, in particular the shuttle effect causing rapid capacity fade and low Coulombic efficiency. Herein, we report a conductive porous vanadium nitride nanoribbon/graphene composite accommodating the catholyte as the cathode of a lithium–sulfur battery. The vanadium nitride/graphene composite provides strong anchoring for polysulfides and fast polysulfide conversion. The anchoring effect of vanadium nitride is confirmed by experimental and theoretical results. Owing to the high conductivity of vanadium nitride, the composite cathode exhibits lower polarization and faster redox reaction kinetics than a reduced graphene oxide cathode, showing good rate and cycling performances. The initial capacity reaches 1,471 mAh g−1 and the capacity after 100 cycles is 1,252 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, a loss of only 15%, offering a potential for use in high energy lithium–sulfur batteries.
Highlights
The rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery is an advanced energy storage system, its practical implementation has been impeded by many issues, in particular the shuttle effect causing rapid capacity fade and low Coulombic efficiency
One of the major issues with Li–S batteries is their sluggish reaction kinetics stemming from the high electronic resistivity of sulfur and lithium sulfides
Vanadium nitride (VN) has a number of desirable properties for a potential host materials for sulfur including the following: (1) a strong chemical adsorption for polysulfides that can effectively inhibit the shuttle effect, (2) a high electrical conductivity (1.17 Â 106 S m À 1 at room temperature) (Supplementary Table 1) that is conducive to the electrochemical conversion of adsorbed sulfur species on the surface and (3) catalytic properties similar to the precious metals that may facilitate redox reaction kinetics
Summary
The rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery is an advanced energy storage system, its practical implementation has been impeded by many issues, in particular the shuttle effect causing rapid capacity fade and low Coulombic efficiency. Vanadium nitride (VN) has a number of desirable properties for a potential host materials for sulfur including the following: (1) a strong chemical adsorption for polysulfides that can effectively inhibit the shuttle effect, (2) a high electrical conductivity (1.17 Â 106 S m À 1 at room temperature) (Supplementary Table 1) that is conducive to the electrochemical conversion of adsorbed sulfur species on the surface and (3) catalytic properties similar to the precious metals that may facilitate redox reaction kinetics.
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